1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The concept of inertia is attributed to A.Galileo. B.Newton. C.Both. D.Neither.

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The concept of inertia is attributed to A.Galileo. B.Newton. C.Both. D.Neither. Comment: Galileo discovered the concept and Newton elevated it to his first law of motion.

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would move in A.a curved path. B.a straight-line path. C.an outward spiral path. D.an inward spiral path.

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would move in A.a curved path. B.a straight-line path. C.an outward spiral path. D.an inward spiral path.

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 Seat belts and air bags in a car are mostly linked to the effects of Newton’s A.first law. B.second law. C.third law. D.law of gravity.

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 Seat belts and air bags in a car are mostly linked to the effects of Newton’s A.first law. B.second law. C.third law. D.law of gravity. Comment: Although Newton’s three laws of motion are at play, the first law is most applicable.

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The net force on any object in equilibrium is A.zero. B.10 meters per second squared. C.equal to its weight. D.None of the above.

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The net force on any object in equilibrium is A.zero. B.10 meters per second squared. C.equal to its weight. D.None of the above.

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 Consider a cart with a ball resting in its middle. When you quickly jerk the cart forward, the A.front of the cart hits the ball. B.back of the cart hits the ball. C.ball remains in the middle as the cart moves forward. D.above can all occur depending on how quickly the cart is pulled.

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 Consider a cart with a ball resting in its middle. When you quickly jerk the cart forward, the A.front of the cart hits the ball. B.back of the cart hits the ball. C.ball remains in the middle as the cart moves forward. D.above can all occur depending on how quickly the cart is pulled. Explanation: Relative to the ground, the ball tends to remain at rest while the cart moves beneath it. Hence, the back of the cart hits the ball.

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the net force on the block is A.35 N west. B.35 N east. C.5 N west. D.5 N east.

12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the net force on the block is A.35 N west. B.35 N east. C.5 N west. D.5 N east.

13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the acceleration of the block is A.0.5 m/s 2 east. B.0.5 m/s 2 west. C.0.5 m/s 2 east–west. D.None of the above.

14. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the acceleration of the block is A.0.5 m/s 2 east. B.0.5 m/s 2 west. C.0.5 m/s 2 east–west. D.None of the above. Explanation: Note the mass of a 10-N block is about 1 kg. Then a = F/m = (20 N – 15 N)/1 kg = 0.5 m/s 2.

15. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The connection between mass, acceleration, and force is embodied in Newton’s A.first law. B.second law. C.third law. D.law of gravity.

16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The connection between mass, acceleration, and force is embodied in Newton’s A.first law. B.second law. C.third law. D.law of gravity. Comment: acceleration = force/mass.

17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A cart is pushed and undergoes a certain acceleration. Consider how the acceleration would compare if it were pushed with twice the net force while its mass increased by four. Then its acceleration would be A.one quarter. B.the same. C.twice. D.None of the above.

18. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A cart is pushed and undergoes a certain acceleration. Consider how the acceleration would compare if it were pushed with twice the net force while its mass increased by four. Then its acceleration would be A.one quarter. B.the same. C.twice. D.None of the above. Explanation: Twice the force acting on four times the mass gives half the acceleration. So the acceleration would be half—none of the above.

19. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A 100-kg vehicle accelerates at 1 m/s 2 when the net force on it is A.1 N. B.10 N. C.100 N. D.1000 N.

20. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A 100-kg vehicle accelerates at 1 m/s 2 when the net force on it is A.1 N. B.10 N. C.100 N. D.1000 N. Explanation: From a = F/m, simple rearrangement gives: F = ma = (100 kg)(1 m/s 2 ) = 100 N.

21. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 When you toss a rock straight upward, which is no longer present at the top of its path? A.Mass. B.Speed. C.Acceleration. D.All of the above.

22. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 When you toss a rock straight upward, which is no longer present at the top of its path? A.Mass. B.Speed. C.Acceleration. D.All of the above. Explanation: It still has a force on it, mg, so a = F/m = mg/m = g. Only speed is zero at the top.

23. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A soccer ball is kicked to a 30-m/s speed. While being kicked, the amount of force of the player’s foot on the ball is A.less than the amount of force on the foot. B.the same as the amount of force on the foot. C.more than the amount of force on the foot. D.None of the above.

24. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A soccer ball is kicked to a 30-m/s speed. While being kicked, the amount of force of the player’s foot on the ball is A.less than the amount of force on the foot. B.the same as the amount of force on the foot. C.more than the amount of force on the foot. D.None of the above. Explanation: Newton’s third law, pure and simple. The speed of the ball is irrelevant. The amount of force on the ball and on the foot is the same.

25. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A karate chop delivers a blow of 3500 N to a board that breaks. The force that acts on the hand during this event is A.less than 3500 N. B.3500 N. C.greater than 3500 N. D.None of the above.

26. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A karate chop delivers a blow of 3500 N to a board that breaks. The force that acts on the hand during this event is A.less than 3500 N. B.3500 N. C.greater than 3500 N. D.None of the above. Comment: Hence, the need for a strong hand!

27. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 How hard a boxer’s punch lands depends on the A.mass of what’s being hit. B.physical condition of the boxer. C.boxer’s attitude. D.None of the above.

28. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 How hard a boxer’s punch lands depends on the A.mass of what’s being hit. B.physical condition of the boxer. C.boxer’s attitude. D.None of the above. Explanation: Attitude is said to be everything, and physical condition is important, but not as answers to this question.

29. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The force that directly propels a motor scooter along a highway is that provided by the A.engine. B.fuel. C.tires. D.road.

30. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The force that directly propels a motor scooter along a highway is that provided by the A.engine. B.fuel. C.tires. D.road. Explanation: The tires push back on the road, and in so doing, the road pushes forward on the tires. It is this force that is directly responsible for the scooter’s motion. Cheers for Newton’s third law!

31. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The force that propels a rocket is provided by A.gravity. B.its exhaust gases. C.Newton’s laws of motion. D.the atmosphere against which the rocket pushes.

32. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The force that propels a rocket is provided by A.gravity. B.its exhaust gases. C.Newton’s laws of motion. D.the atmosphere against which the rocket pushes. Explanation: Newton’s laws are at play in rocket propulsion, but the actual force propelling the rocket is its exhaust gases. As Newton’s third law tells us, if the rocket pushes exhaust gases downward, the gases push the rocket upward.

33. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A grasshopper has a head-on collision with a speeding Mack truck. The greatest force acts on the A.bug. B.truck. C.Same amount on each. D.Not enough information to say.

34. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 A grasshopper has a head-on collision with a speeding Mack truck. The greatest force acts on the A.bug. B.truck. C.Same amount on each. D.Not enough information to say. Comment: Although the forces are equal in magnitude, the effects of these forces are drastically different. Don’t confuse something with the effects of that something.

35. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The laws of physics that were employed to get humans to the Moon are A.Newton’s laws of motion. B.special relativity. C.general relativity. D.All of the above.

36. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Conceptual Physical Science 4e — Chapter 2 The laws of physics that were employed to get humans to the Moon are A.Newton’s laws of motion. B.special relativity. C.general relativity. D.All of the above. Explanation: As the concluding paragraph of Chapter 2 states, Newton’s laws were and are sufficient for getting humans to the Moon!