1. I II III I. Using Measurements CH. 2 - MEASUREMENT

2. A. Accuracy vs. Precision  Accuracy - how close a measurement is to the accepted value  Precision - how close a series of measurements are to each other ACCURATE = CORRECT PRECISE = CONSISTENT

3. A. Accuracy vs. Precision Precise Accurate Precise Not Accurate Not Precise Not Accurate

4. B. Percent Error  Indicates accuracy of a measurement your value accepted value

5. B. Percent Error  A student determines the density of a substance to be 1.40 g/mL. Find the % error if the accepted value of the density is 1.36 g/mL. % error = 2.9 %

6. C. Significant Figures  Indicate precision of a measurement.  Recording Sig Figs  Sig figs in a measurement include the known digits plus a final estimated digit 2.35 cm

7. C. Significant Figures 6.34 cm

8. C. Significant Figures  Rule 1- any # other than 0 is significant  Example 123.45 has 5 SF

9. C. Significant Figures  Rule 2- any 0’s between significant figures are significant  Example- 1002.05 has 6 SF 1002 has 4 SF

10. C. Significant Figures  Rule 3- All final 0s after a decimal are significant  Example- 12.740 has 5 SF 92100. has 6 SF

11. C. Significant Figures  Rule 4- )s used for spacing are not significant  Example- 921000 has 3 SF.00000233 has 3 SF

12. 4. 0.080 3. 5,280 2. 402 1. 23.50 C. Significant Figures Counting Sig Fig Examples 1. 23.50 2. 402 3. 5,280 4. 0.080 4 sig figs 3 sig figs 2 sig figs

13. C. Significant Figures  Rounding  If the digit to be removed is:  < 5, round down  > 5, round up  = 5, round to the nearest even number

14. 4. 78.5543 kg 3. 2.7851 cm 2. 17.32 m 1. 42.68 g C. Significant Figures Rounding Examples Round each number to 3 sig figs 42.7 g 17.3 m 2.78 cm 78.6 kg

15. C. Significant Figures  Calculating with Sig Figs  Multiply/Divide - The # with the fewest sig figs determines the # of sig figs in the answer. (13.91g/cm 3 )(23.3cm 3 ) = 324.103g 324 g 4 SF3 SF

16. C. Significant Figures  Calculating with Sig Figs (con’t)  Add/Subtract - The # with the lowest decimal value determines the place of the last sig fig in the answer. 3.75 mL + 4.1 mL 7.85 mL 224 g + 130 g 354 g  7.9 mL  350 g 3.76 mL + 4.1 mL 7.86 mL 224 g + 130 g 354 g

17. C. Significant Figures  Calculating with Sig Figs (con’t)  Exact Numbers do not limit the # of sig figs in the answer.  Counting numbers: 12 students  Exact conversions: 1 m = 100 cm  “1” in any conversion: 1 in = 2.54 cm

18. C. Significant Figures 5. (15.30 g) ÷ (6.4 mL) Practice Problems = 2.390625 g/mL  18.1 g 6. 18.9g - 0.84 g 18.06 g 4 SF2 SF  2.4 g/mL 2 SF

19. D. Scientific Notation  Converting into Sci. Notation:  Move decimal until there’s 1 digit to its left. Places moved = exponent.  Large # (>1)  positive exponent Small # (<1)  negative exponent  Only include sig figs. 65,000 kg  6.5 × 10 4 kg

20. D. Scientific Notation 7. 2,400,000  g 8. 0.00256 kg 9.7  10 -5 km 10.6.2  10 4 mm Practice Problems 2.4  10 6  g 2.56  10 -3 kg 0.00007 km 62,000 mm

21. D. Scientific Notation  Calculating with Sci. Notation (5.44 × 10 7 g) ÷ (8.1 × 10 4 mol) = 5.44 EXP EE ÷ ÷ EXP EE ENTER EXE 78.1 4 = 671.6049383= 670 g/mol= 6.7 × 10 2 g/mol Type on your calculator: