1. Environmental Sciences Department BNL Environmental Sciences Dept. and EnviroSuite: from NSLS to NSLS-II Jeff Fitts July 18, 2007 Environmental Research and Technology Division

2. Environmental Sciences Department EnviroSuite Strategic Initiative Initiated in 2002 by BNL Environmental Sciences Dept.; BNL and DOE BER support for program Mission: Explore and quantify complex environmental processes and systems to better understand the long-term fate and transport of contaminants in the environment and to help develop technologies for long-term stewardship Approach: Develop & expand novel synchrotron-based techniques for exploring complex environmental processes Support Environmental Science users

3. Environmental Sciences Department Complex real-world samples Heterogeneous materials Low contaminant concentrations Non-destructive & preserved environment Mineral/water interfaces Derive atomic-level picture Test predictive models Microbes and model particles Focus on predominant processes Molecular details of transient species Improve predictions of contaminant behavior Methods: bulk and micro-XAS & XRD Methods: in-situ & Quick XAS, PDF Methods: Grazing incidence XAS; XSW; CTR

4. Environmental Sciences Department EnviroSuite involvement at NSLS beamlines X27A (CU member): Hard X-ray microprobe X11A, X11B (Manage PRT): Bulk XAS X15B (Manage PRT): Bulk XAS at 1-5 keV X1A (PRT member): Soft X-ray STXM

5. Environmental Sciences Department Future research directions enabled by NSLS II XAS studies of lower concentration samples, approaching real-world concentrations Pore-scale transport processes captured using microprobe/fluorescence tomography Sub-cellular features using x-ray microscopy and nanoprobe Fundamental research in interfacial chemistry mineral-water-organic-biological systems

6. Environmental Sciences Department Projected NSLS-II Facilities Source:Specialized IDs Damping Wiggler 3-pole w. (or equiv.) Soft BendIR Core Interests: STXM Microprobe XAS Microprobe Tender XAS Microprobe Microscopy Supporting interests: Nanoprobe SAXS Time- resolved XRD/PDF XRD/PDF XRD/ Surface XRD Sample Stage/Enclosure: Controlled environment for reactive or radioactive, nano materials

7. Environmental Sciences Department Practical Challenges 1. Dilute (real-world concentrations) in complex matrix: Needs high flux, advanced detectors 2. Sensitive, reactive or live samples: Needs controlled atmosphere, sample conditions, managed flux dose 3. Complex mixtures, subtle detail: e.g. mixed species, oxidation states Needs high energy resolution

8. Environmental Sciences Department Practical Challenges 4. Spatial resolution: For microbes, cellular features/interactions, mineral grain boundaries, fine particles Need submicron (0.3-0.5) resolution, but tunable up to 10-15 microns as needed

9. Environmental Sciences Department Hard X-ray Microprobe 0.3-15 micron tunable resolution Stable beam position over 1000eV Stable/repeatable energy calibration High quality optical imaging Simultaneous XRF and XRD Microtomography Conventional K-B optics Damping wiggler vs hard bend…

10. Environmental Sciences Department Bulk XAS (damping wiggler) Two operating modes: 1. High flux 4-35 keV at standard energy resolution (2x10 -4 ) For low concentrations, GIXAS, etc. 2. High energy resolution 5-50 keV 1x10 -5 or better (without extraordinary measures) Requirements: Stable beam position over 1000eV, energy stability/repeatability, environmental end station Add these capabilities for DW microprobe

11. Environmental Sciences Department “Tender” 1-5 keV X-ray beamlines 1. Bulk XAS: Macro focused beam (1mm) Energy and positional stability He atmosphere end station NSLS-developed Si detector 2. Microprobe: Duplicate (1), K-B second stage focus 0.3-15 micron tunable spot size

12. Environmental Sciences Department STXM and IR STXM beamline with improved spatial resolution and brightness 10 nm resolution IR microscopy and microspectroscopy Controlled sample conditions Excellent complement to x-ray microscopy for organic/inorganic systems

13. Environmental Sciences Department Environmental end station High resolution positioning and optical imaging Sample cooling and interchangeability Operable as: 1. Open air 2. Exhaust hood/clean stage for nano and rad materials 3. Controlled atmosphere glove box Valuable for other disciplines as well

14. Environmental Sciences Department Supporting, developing interests Nanoprobe Subcellular structures related; Nanoparticles and nanoscale coatings STXM beamline with improved spatial resolution and brightness IR microscopy and microspectroscopy SAXS Time-resolved XRD & PDF Full-field microscopy Quick EXAFS

15. Environmental Sciences Department Development strategy Assemble pieces and programs at NSLS: Existing beamlines and collaborations New programs from elsewhere: SAXS, PDF, surface diffraction… Community involvement: EnviroSync organization, summer workshop Geography: Sector: canted damping wigglers, hard bend, soft bends, supporting lab