1. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency WG39: Global Trends in Pollution of Coastal Ecosystems: retrospective ecosystem assessment Jae R. OH Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco

2. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Radiochronology of recent sediments

3. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Radiochronometers (1) Natural tracers: 7 Be (53 d) 210 Pb(20 y) 14 C (5730 y) 10 Be (1.6 My) A0A0 A 0 /2

4. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Radiochronometers (2) Transient tracers: 90 Sr (30 y) 137 Cs (30 y) 14 C (5730 y) 239 Pu (24 ky)

5. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco 137 Cs Atmospheric nuclear weapon tests 1954 - 1963 Chernobyl May 1986 1963 1986 1954

6. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Flix dam (VC1) 137 Cs as a time marker

7. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco 210 Pb and 137 Cs dating

8. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Mixing Bioturbation, physical mixing Mixing  diffussion diffussion coefficient

9. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Environmental parameters Antropogenic impact: metals organic pollutants (PCBs, PAHs, PBDEs, …) radionuclides soot sediments... Natural record pollen diatoms...

10. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Hg Hg Pb Chlor-alkali plant Urban waste Pollution sources

11. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Bahía de los perros (19 m)

12. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco History of contamination

13. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco History of Pb pollution Based on Enrichment Factor (EF) : EF=(M s /Al s )/(M b /Al b ) M: metal Al aluminium s: sample b: background

14. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco 1988 The sediment quality of Sagua la Grande estuary suggests the presence of a significant contamination Hg (ppm) !

15. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Lake Xolotlán (Nicaragua)

16. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco XOL08 Eutrophication

17. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Objectives To carry out global assessment of pollution trends during the last century in sensitive coastal ecosystems, through retrospective ecosystem analysis by using dated environmental archives and time-series data where available To contribute to reduce coastal ecosystem stress globally by providing above information to stakeholders, scientists and society

18. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Terms of Reference (1) Operation: The WG will follow the rules approved by the GESAMP. The IAEA will provide technical support for the operation of the WG. The co-sponsors of the WG, in consultation with the GESAMP Chair and Vice-Chair, will select the WG Chair. The WG Chair will select the members of the WG, in consultation with the co-sponsors, from the GESAMP pool of experts.

19. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Terms of Reference (2) The main tasks are as follows (1): Establish links with other organizations Revise existing methodologies on suitable environmental archives, dating methods, pollution indicators, analytical techniques and trend analysis Review existing data, including data quality, on a regional basis. Records of pollution in coastal environments will be used as background information.

20. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Terms of Reference (3) The main tasks are as follows (2): Design, implement and maintain, with the help of the IAEA, a database of global trends of pollution. Disseminate the WG activities through the GESAMP website, press release, preparation of educational materials and presentation at stakeholder meetings. Publish results in scientific journals, etc. Report to GESAMP on all WG activities.

21. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Terms of Reference by Task (1): Task 1: Bibliographic review, definitions, & methodologies Task 2: Critical review of existing methodologies on suitable environmental archives, dating methods, pollution indicators, analytical techniques and trend analysis. Review existing data including data quality Task 3: Database of global trends of pollution

22. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Terms of Reference by Task (2): Task 4: Global assessment and evaluation of trends of pollution Task 5: Dissemination activities: Website, press release, preparation of educational materials, presentation at stakeholder meetings

23. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Approach and related considerations (1) Geographic and Thematic Not deeper than 200m in water depth: ocean borderlands and main islands Working network of countries bordering marine waters and grouped in LMEs LME network can be used to summarize the information on temporal trends on contaminants by LMEs

24. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Approach and related considerations (2)

25. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco 25 Approach and related considerations (3)

26. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Approach and related considerations (4) Meetings Normal WG meetings International Conference on “Global Trends in Pollution of Coastal Ecosystems” Leading Agency: IAEA, UNIDO (?) and ??? IAEA contact: Jae OH

27. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Approach and related considerations (5) Support from the IAEA Technical and secretarial support for the WG 2-3 experts to the WG (ca. 9000Euros/y) Other Agencies & Partnerships UNIDO & UNEP IGBP, GEF, ICTP

28. International Atomic Energy Agency Dept. of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Marine Environment Laboratories Monaco Thanks!