1. Translation - Transliteration translatedMost of the words in English versions are translated transliteratedA few are transliterated. E.g.: –Baptism –Allelujah –Places: Bethel; Galilee; RomeBethel; Galilee; Rome Sheol, Hades, GehennaSheol, Hades, Gehenna

2. KJV Sheol, Hades, GehennaKJV translators varied translations of Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna Sheolgrave hellthe pit –KJV OT translates Sheol: “grave” 31x; “hell” 31x, and “the pit” 3x SheolASV consistently uses “Sheol” graveAnother word means grave HadesHell –KJV NT: Hades is “Hell” (some 10x) HadesHadesNKJV: Hades is “Hades”

3. I Sheol (64x in OT) Gn.37:35 –“Whither men descend at death” –“Whither men descend at death” (BDB, 982) –Sheol –Sheol: where disembodied spirits go after death the grave –NKJV: the grave Sheol –ASV, NASB, ESV: Sheol SheolPs.16:10, Sheol

4. II Hades (11x in NT) Ac.2:27…31-35 –Jesus alone fulfilled this prophecy: His soul in Sheol; His body in the tomb; they reunite before corruption can occur –OT Sheol = NT Hades –Ac.2:27…31 HEFLESHneither-nor statement; distinguishes between the HE and His FLESH HESOUL –The Prophecy: HE = SOUL If soul dies, how could it be in Hades?If soul dies, how could it be in Hades?

5. Lk.23:42-43, unexpected benefits Crucifixion victims often lingered for days ParadiseThis day, he will enter Paradise –Persian loan word: a king’s garden –Rv.2:7 Eden Gethsemane Calvarya “garden” whose trees are more blessed than those in Eden (Gn.2:8), Gethsemane (Jn.18:1, 26), or near Calvary (Jn.19:41) –If the robber died and ceased to exist, how could he be in paradise?

6. Ph.1:21-24, a synonymous expression to Hades be w. ChristDepart (2 Tim.4:8)... be w. Christ be nothing preaching the gospel –Was Paul hard pressed whether it was better to be nothing or to stay on earth preaching the gospel? –If the dead are unconscious, the wicked and righteous are the same –Could an unconscious person enjoy the presence of Christ? –If the dead merely enter the grave, then Paul found Christ in the grave ( Ac.2:31)

7. III Gehenna (12x in NT) Mt.10:28 We must avoid word-history fallacy: sons of thunder –Mk.3:17, sons of thunder paradise –2 Co.12:4, paradise valley of Hinnom –Jer.7:30-33, valley of Hinnom Bodies of criminals burned here GehennaIs Gehenna a literal valley outside Jerusalem? Sodom & Gomorrah –Jd.7, Sodom & Gomorrah Do the wicked go to Sodom…?

8. The soul is not the body The soul is not the body, Mt.10:28 In this passage – –Soul cannot mean body Jesus distinguishes soul and body Ja.5:19-20 –Soul cannot mean animal life Animal life ceases at death –Soul lives, though the body ceases to function Ac.7:59

9. The spirit is not the body The spirit is not the body, Ec.12:7 In this passage it is – –NOT air that is breathed –NOT the act of breathing that returns to God –NOT the act of breathing that returns to God. (Jn.13:21; 1 Pt.3:4) –NOT mere physical life, because it does not return to God, but ceases returnsThe spirit returns to God. Ac.9:39 returnsThe body returns to the earth. Ac.9:40

10. Destroy does not mean annihilation Destroy does not mean annihilation, Mt.10:28 “To devote or give over to eternal misery…by one’s conduct to cause another to lose eternal salvation … to incur the loss of true or eternal life; to be delivered up to eternal misery”“To devote or give over to eternal misery…by one’s conduct to cause another to lose eternal salvation … to incur the loss of true or eternal life; to be delivered up to eternal misery” (Th., 64). “Metaph., of loss of eternal life”“Metaph., of loss of eternal life” (A-S, 52) destroyannihilationsoul bodybody soulIf destroy means annihilation, and the soul is the body, then to kill the body is to kill (annihilate) the soul (Mt.10:28) –If so, why did Jesus say the opposite?

11. Destroy (part 2) “Destroy” (part 2) Mt.2:13 –Would his body cease to exist? Mt.10:6 –Annihilated sheep? Lk.15:17 –DEAD –DEAD = separation fr. the father (24) –ALIVE –ALIVE = union w. the father (24) –PERISHLOST –PERISH and LOST = same as death (17, 24)

12. Destroy (part 3) “Destroy” (part 3) 1 Co.1:18 on the way to perish –the perishing are on the way to perish (eternal misery). Lk.8:24; 15:17 Hb.10:28-29, punishment worse than death! –If death is annihilation, how possible? –Mt.26:24 –Ps.116:15 If wicked are annihilated, the righteous suffer more in this life than the wicked in eternity!If wicked are annihilated, the righteous suffer more in this life than the wicked in eternity!

13. Punishment Punishment cannot be effective unless it is experiencedPunishment cannot be effective unless it is experienced –Mt.8:6 “Torture…torment, harass”“Torture…torment, harass” (BDAG, 168) –Verse 29 –Rv.20:10 –Rv.14:11 “infliction of severe suffering or pain associated w. torture or torment”“infliction of severe suffering or pain associated w. torture or torment” (BDAG, 168)

14. Punishment (part 2) eternal punishmentMt.25:46 (41), eternal punishment –What word –What word shows that the future happiness of the righteous is unending? same word describes the punishment of the wicked –Mt.25:41, 46 – same word describes the punishment of the wicked 2 Pt.2:4, 9 –Something that does not exist cannot be kept under punishment! Penalize, punish (BDAG, 554f.) [1 Pt.2:20]

15. IV Lessons 1.There is life after death. 1.There is life after death. Lk.20:38 2.Take sin seriously – God does! 2.Take sin seriously – God does! Ja.3:6 3.Make whatever sacrifice is necessary to save your soul. 3.Make whatever sacrifice is necessary to save your soul. Mt.16:26