1. 1 Fruity Acidity Another project by: Loh Wei Kiat (1I3, 12) Yeo Kee Xuan (1I1, 25) Jason Chow (1I3, 07) Chew Tian Le (1I3, 02)

2. 2 Agenda  Background Information  Aim  Hypothesis  Target Audience  Apparatus  Experiment  Results  Conclusion  Product  Reflections  Project Follow-Ups  Acknowledgements and References  Q & A

3. 3 About pH levels  pH levels are a measure of acidity or alkalinity, with 1 being the most acidic, and 14 being the most alkaline.  pH 7 is considered as pH neutral  Pure water has a pH level of pH neutral  Certain organisms only grow in environments with certain pH levels, or they will die

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5. 5 pH levels  Our optimum blood pH level is at 7.35-7.45. Anything below 6.8 or above 7.8 is fatal.  Extreme pH levels may lead to - Weight gain -Brittle Bones -Weak Muscles -Slow Digestion

6. 6 Acidosis Acidosis is:  The result of eating too much acidic food  May also be due to kidneys not extracting acid effectively enough  These cause the pH level of the body to decrease too much  Usually occurs when pH level is below 7.35

7. 7 Alkalosis Alkalosis is:  The result of vomiting too much, over- dehydration or high consumption of alkali  These cause the pH level in the body to increase  The exact opposite of acidosis  Usually occurs when the pH level is above 7.45

8. 8 Our Aim  To find out whether the temperature of the fruit will affect the pH of it.

9. 9 Hypothesis As heating may make the fruit lose some of its nutrients, it is most likely that as fruits are being heated up, their pH will gradually increase.

10. 10 Target Audience  People who take fruit.  People with unhealthy pH levels  This project will allow those people to understand the best fruits to consume at the best temperature to ensure maximum nutrition to the person.

11. 11 Apparatus/Fruits Used  3 Oranges  3 Mangos  3 Watermelons  3 Papayas  Thermometer  Chopping Board  Chopper  Squeezer  pH papers and pH meter  Blocks of Ice  Ice Box  Bunsen Burner  Igniter  Tripod Stand  Wire Gauze Mat  Gas Tap  Beaker  Fruit Knife

12. 12 Experiment  To find out pH of fruits at room temperature.  Step 1:Measure the room temperature using a thermometer.  Step 2: Cut an orange into 2 using the chopper and chopping board.  Step 3: Squeeze both the half-oranges using the squeezer.  Step 4: Juice from the orange would be obtained.

13. 13 Experiment  Step 5: Dip a pH paper into the juice to measure the pH  Step 6: Record the result.  Step 7: Repeat the experiment with the 3 other fruits. Room Temperature: 27.5 o C FruitpH Orange5 Mango6 Papaya6 Watermelon7

14. 14 Experiment  To find out pH of fruits when frozen.  Step 1: Put 1 of each fruit in the ice box along with blocks of ice to keep the fruit cold.  Step 2: Wait for the temperature in the icebox to reach a stable amount.  Step 3: Measure the temperature using the thermometer.  Step 4: Cut an orange into 2 using the chopper and chopping board.

15. 15 Experiment  Step 5: Squeeze both the half-oranges using the squeezer.  Step 6: Juice from the orange would be obtained.  Step 7: Dip a pH paper into the juice to measure the pH  Step 8: Record the result.

16. 16 Experiment  Step 9: Repeat the experiment with the 3 other fruits.  *To ensure that the experiment is done fairly while not exposing to much room temperature, fruits are cut before placing in the ice box to ensure minimal exposure to outside temperature. FruitpH Orange5 Mango6 Papaya6 Watermelon7 Cooled Temperature: 14 o C

17. 17 Experiment  To find out pH of fruits when heated.  Step 1: Cut an orange into 2 using the chopper and chopping board.  Step 2: Squeeze both the half-oranges using the squeezer.  Step 3: Juice from the orange would be obtained.  Step 4: Pour the juice into the beaker.

18. 18 Experiment  Step 5: Using the Bunsen burner, igniter, tripod, gas tap, beaker and wire gauze mat, heat the juice to 75 o C.  Step 6: Dip a pH paper into the juice to measure the pH when it is at 75 o C.  Step 7: Record the result.

19. 19 Experiment  Step 8: Repeat the experiment with the 3 other fruits. Heated Temperature: 75 o C FruitpH Orange6 Mango7 Papaya6 Watermelon6

20. 20 Results FruitNormal pH (27.5 o C) Cooled pH (14 o C) Heated pH (75 o C) Orange55 =6 Mango66 =7 Papaya66 = Watermelon77 =6

21. 21 Effects on Temperature on the pH Level Of fruits pH level Temperature /°C 0102030405060708090100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Orange Watermelon Mango Papaya

22. 22 Results Our results show that:  the pH level increases when the temperature increases(mango, orange)  the pH level remains the same when the temperature increases (papaya)  the pH level decreases when the temperature increases (watermelon)

23. 23 Conclusion From our results, we can conclude that:  An increase in temperature usually means an increase in pH for most fruits  Decrease from room temperature does not really affect the pH Level greatly.  For people who want to achieve pH neutral, it is best to eat watermelon at room or cooled temperature.  It may be good to eat warmer oranges or watermelons, even though some nutrients is lost during warming.

24. 24 Some Experimental Pictures

25. 25 Some Experimental Pictures

26. 26 Product Our product will be our findings presented in web report, as the internet is a commonly used platform for people nowadays. We used WetPaint so it would be easier for us to reach out to the IT-saavy public. The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for our WetPaint website is: http://fruityacidity.wetpaint.com

27. 27 Reflections Throughout this experimental research project, we encountered many problems like insufficient time and apparatus, especially when doing the experiment itself. However, the team worked as one and finally managed to overcome all difficulties.

28. 28 Dirty Floor Dirty Shirt

29. 29 Follow Ups We would be : -Improving on our web report on our WetPaint site. -Introduce the web report to others through other platform such as Wikispaces, Facebook, Blogs etc. -Finding the pH of more common fruits like apple, cranberries etc. -Why such results occur (Eg. Why doesn’t the pH of papaya change, why does watermelon’s pH drop while the other 2 increases?

30. 30 Acknowledgements  Our mentor, for guiding us along on, booking a science lab for us and supervising us during the whole experiment procedure.  Science Lab Technicians who also helped to supervise and help us out in certain parts of the experiment  Any others who may have helped us in one way or another

31. 31 References -http://www.chem.purdue.edu/sciexpress/Workshop%20Labs/Vernier/Ho w%20Does%20pH%20Paper%20Work%20-%20sarah.doc. Accessed on 12 th June 2010http://www.chem.purdue.edu/sciexpress/Workshop%20Labs/Vernier/Ho w%20Does%20pH%20Paper%20Work%20-%20sarah.doc -Fruity Freezer Treats: http://www.dvo.com/newsletter/monthly/2009/july/tabletalk2.html http://www.dvo.com/newsletter/monthly/2009/july/tabletalk2.html -http://scientificsonline.com/product.asp_Q_pn_E_3021313_A_cmc_E_CR OSS_SELL_A_pH+Paper,+Pkg.+of+100 Accessed on 12 th June 2010http://scientificsonline.com/product.asp_Q_pn_E_3021313_A_cmc_E_CR OSS_SELL_A_pH+Paper,+Pkg.+of+100 -http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8yWJHCkdJU Accessed on 12 th June 2010http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8yWJHCkdJU -Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia (2010). pH http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH Accessed on 2nd June 2010 -Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia (2010). pH Indicator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator Accessed on 2nd June 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator

32. 32 Reference -Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia (2010). Litmus Paper http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litmus_paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litmus_paper Accessed on 2nd June 2010 -Acid Soil: http://www.thegardenhelper.com/acidsoil.html Accessed on 11th June 2010http://www.thegardenhelper.com/acidsoil.html -Alkalinity: http://www.aquachek.com/PublicPopups.asp?action=display parameter&PAID=9 Accessed on 11 th June 2010 http://www.aquachek.com/PublicPopups.asp?action=display parameter&PAID=9 -Monitoring your Body ’s pH: http://altered- states.net/barry/update178/index.htm Accessed on 11th June 2010http://altered- states.net/barry/update178/index.htm

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34. 34 Thank you for your Kind Attention!