2. Quick Liners If you could be one inch tall for a day, what specific place would you most like to explore?

3. Quick Liners If you could have any one magical power, what would you pick?

5. The Roman Republic 509 BCE – 30 BCE

6. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 1)

7. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman _____________________ _____ (1) ________ – ____________ ____________________ (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

8. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into _ classes (1) ________ – ____________ ____________________ (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

9. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) ________ – ____________ ____________________ (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

10. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) ________ – members of the oldest and richest families (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

11. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

12. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) _______ – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

13. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

14. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

15. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. They were not viewed as citizens! Slaves had a nickname - ______________

16. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. They were not viewed as citizens! Slaves had a nickname – “tools that talked”

18. _______ (1) had the exclusive right _____ _______________________ (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

19. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right _____ _______________________ (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

20. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both ___ and ______ (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

21. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

22. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the ____ (b) ________________________ _________________________

23. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) ________________________ _________________________

24. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only ___ of the population

25. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only 10% of the population

26. (2) “patrician” __________________ __________________

27. (2) “patrician” derives from the ____ word for _____ (____)

28. (2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for _____ (____)

29. (2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for father (____)

30. (2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for father (pater)

31. (3) roles _________________ (a) __________________________ _____________ (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

33. (3) roles that patricians played (a) __________________________ _____________ (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

34. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

35. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

36. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) wealthy land owners (d) _________________________ ______________

37. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) wealthy land owners (d) businessmen (shipping companies, warehouses, etc.)

39. (4) everyday ______________ (a) marriage rules * _______________________ _____________ * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

40. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * _______________________ _____________ * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

41. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain _____ and __________ * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

42. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

43. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of __ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

44. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

45. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of __ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

46. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

47. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought to marry women with large dowries * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

48. dowry (noun) - _____________ ________________ __________________

49. dowry (noun) - money or property brought by a bride to her husband at marriage

50. Business Hand-backs Tonight’s homework W.O.W. The Roman Republic (pats & plebs)

51. Oracle of Delphi

52. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought to marry women with large dowries * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

53. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought to marry women with large dowries * divorce was common * _____________________ _________________

54. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought to marry women with large dowries * divorce was common * blended families with step- children were common

55. Note: Women were treated __________ __________________________ _____________

56. Note: Women were treated like property __________________________ _____________

57. Note: Women were treated like property and were supposed to ________ _____________

58. Note: Women were treated like property and were supposed to understand their inferiority.

59. They were also ___________________ _______

60. They were also encouraged to have ____ _______

61. They were also encouraged to have many children.

62. (5) patrician _____ (a) lived in ___________________ ____________________ * ______________ * ______________________ _____

63. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in ___________________ ____________________ * ______________ * ______________________ _____

64. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus - ___________ ____________________ * ______________ * ______________________ _____

65. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus – type of house owned by wealthy families * ______________ * ______________________ _____

66. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus – type of house owned by wealthy families * had multiple rooms * ______________________ _____

67. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus – type of house owned by wealthy families * had multiple rooms * had an indoor courtyard and garden

70. _______ (1) _____________________ _______

71. Plebeians (1) _____________________ _______

72. Plebeians (1) made up about __% of the population

73. Plebeians (1) made up about 90% of the population

74. (2) “plebeian” __________________ ________________________ (3) represented by ________________ _________________

75. (2) “plebeian” derives from the ____ word for ___________ (____) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

76. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for ___________ (____) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

77. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (____) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

78. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (plebs) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

79. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (plebs) (3) represented by ______ in the gov’t of the Roman Republic

80. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (plebs) (3) represented by tribunes in the gov’t of the Roman Republic

81. Quick Liners If you could have any one magical power, what would you pick?

82. (4) roles ________________ (a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ________________ (d) ________________________

83. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ________________ (d) ________________________

84. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) ______ (c) ________________ (d) ________________________

85. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) artisans (c) ________________ (d) ________________________

86. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) artisans (c) small business owners (d) ________________________

87. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) artisans (c) small business owners (d) any other job you can think of

88. Note: The plebeians had ___________ ___________________________

89. Note: The plebeians had important jobs that kept society alive and running

90. (5) plebeian _____ (a) lived in ____________ __________________ * ____________________

91. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in ____________ __________________ * ____________________

92. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in _____ – large, overcrowded tenements * ____________________

93. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in insulae – large, overcrowded tenements * ____________________

94. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in insulae – large, overcrowded tenements * stood _ to __ stories high

95. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in insulae – large, overcrowded tenements * stood 6 to 10 stories high

96. * rents ______________________ * ________________________ ______________ - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

97. * rents were often impossible to pay * ________________________ ______________ - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

98. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the ______________ - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

99. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

100. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - no water on higher floors - _________________________ * very little _____

101. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - no water on higher floors - no fires/cooking on higher floors * very little _____

102. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - no water on higher floors - no fires/cooking on higher floors * very little privacy

103. (b) the world’s first ______________ __________ * ________________________ _________________________ __________

104. (b) the world’s first ________ were in ancient Rome * ________________________ _________________________ __________

105. (b) the world’s first tenements were in ancient Rome * ________________________ _________________________ __________

106. (b) the world’s first tenements were in ancient Rome * they would forever change the way the ___ and ____________ lived in cities

107. (b) the world’s first tenements were in ancient Rome * they would forever change the way the poor and underprivileged lived in cities

108. How?

109. So…What the heck was the Roman Republic???

110. (1) Make the laws (2) Have people to make sure the laws are followed (3) Have people to settle disagreements about what the laws really mean

111. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 2)

112. The Founding of the Roman Republic

113. 753 – 509 BCE – _________________ ___________________ (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

114. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a _______ (ruled by a single person) (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

115. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

116. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) _ Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) __________________________ _____

117. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) 3 Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) __________________________ _____

118. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) 3 Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) last Etruscan king – __________ _____

119. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) 3 Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) last Etruscan king – “Tarquin the Proud”

120. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – _________ ______ (1) 509 BCE – ________________ ______________

121. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – ________________ ______________

123. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – ________ kicked out Tarquin the Proud

124. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – patricians kicked out Tarquin the Proud

125. (2) patricians established _______ (a) _______________________ _______________________ (b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

126. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic - _______________ _______________________ (b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

127. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers (b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

128. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers (b) in the beginning, __________ controlled and ran the gov’t ____________________

129. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers (b) in the beginning, the wealthy controlled and ran the gov’t (did not trust lone rulers)

130. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic ____________ _____ (1) each part ________________ _______________________ _______________ * this is called _________ _________________

131. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had _ branches (parts) (1) each part ________________ _______________________ _______________ * this is called _________ _________________

132. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part ________________ _______________________ _______________ * this is called _________ _________________

133. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called _________ _________________

134. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of _________________

135. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of _________________

136. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of _________________

137. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of “checks and balances”

138. l.e.j.

139. 3 Branches _________________ (1) _______________________

140. 3 Branches of the Roman Republic (1) _______________________

141. 3 Branches of the Roman Republic (1) _____________ – make laws

142. 3 Branches of the Roman Republic (1) legislative branch – make laws

143. (a) _____ (like our _______) * __________________________ ______ * jobs - __________ - ___________ - ____________________ ____

144. (a) _____ (like our Congress) * __________________________ ______ * jobs - __________ - ___________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

145. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * __________________________ ______ * jobs - __________ - ___________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

146. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * ___ Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs - __________ - ____________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

147. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * 300 Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs - __________ - ____________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

148. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * 300 Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs – proposed laws - ____________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

149. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * 300 Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs - proposed laws - advised consuls - handled daily problems of gov’t

150. (b) _______ * all _______________________ ___________________ ______ * jobs – ______________ - __________ - ____________

151. (b) assembly * all _______________________ ___________________ ______ * jobs – ______________ - __________ - ____________

152. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – ______________ - __________ - ____________

153. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – voted/passed laws - __________ - ____________

154. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – voted/passed laws - declared war - ____________

155. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – voted/passed laws - declared war - elected consuls

156. (c) ______ * _____________________ _____ * ________________ * jobs - ___________________ - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

157. (c) ______ * _____________________ _____ * ________________ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

158. (c) tribunes * _____________________ _____ * ________________ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

159. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * ________________ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

160. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by _______ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

161. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by assembly * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

162. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by assembly * jobs - protected plebeian class - could ___ any law Senate tried to pass, esp. if it was unfair to the plebeians

163. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by assembly * jobs - protected plebeian class - could veto any law Senate tried to pass, esp. if it was unfair to the plebeians

164. (1) How many branches did the Roman Republic have?

165. (2) What were the names of the branches?

166. (1) How many branches did the Roman Republic have? (2) What were the names of the branches? (3) What did the legislative branch do?

167. (1) How many branches did the Roman Republic have? (2) What were the names of the branches? (3) What did the legislative branch do? (4) What were 3 important bodies within the legislative branch?

168. (1) How many branches did the Roman Republic have? (2) What were the names of the branches? (3) What did the legislative branch do? (4) What were 3 important bodies within the legislative branch? (5) In order to make sure that nobody had too much power, the Romans set up a system of c_____ and b______.

169. (2) __________________________

170. (2) _____________ – carry out laws

171. (2) executive branch – carry out laws

172. (a) _____ (like our president) * ____________________________ ____ * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

173. (a) consuls (like our president) * ____________________________ ____ * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

174. (a) consuls (like our president) * _ consuls – each elected for _-year term * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

175. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for _-year term * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

176. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

177. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - ____________________ _________ - ______

178. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - could reject (___) laws of other consul - ______

179. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - could reject (veto) laws of other consul - ______

180. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls - each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - could reject (veto) laws of other consul - led army

181. (3) ___________________________ ________________________ (a) ____________________

182. (3) ___________ – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ____________________

183. (3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ____________________

184. (3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ______ – judges of Rome

185. (3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) praetors – judges of Rome

186.  450 BCE – _________________

187.  450 BCE – Law of ___________

188.  450 BCE – Law of the 12 tables

190. (1) ________________________ _________________________ _____________________

191. (1) written laws on _____ tablets placed in the __________ so all could read and memorize it

192. (1) written laws on bronze tablets placed in the __________ so all could read and memorize it

193. (1) written laws on bronze tablets placed in the Roman Forum so all could read and memorize it

194. (2) applied to _______________ _______

195. (2) applied to both ________ and _______

196. (2) applied to both patricians and _______

197. (2) applied to both patricians and plebeians

198. (3) big step ____________________ ____________ (a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________ _____________

199. (3) big step in the direction of a more ________ gov’t (a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________ _____________

200. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________ _____________

201. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - another big step – _______________________ _____________

202. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - another big step – _______ were finally able to hold public office

203. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - another big step – plebeians were finally able to hold public office

204. *** Note – In 27 BCE, ________ ___________________________ _____________________________

205. *** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended - ______________ _____________________________

206. *** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended – the 1st emperor, ____________, took over the gov’t

207. *** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended – the 1st emperor, Augustus Caesar, took over the gov’t

208. Patricians made up 90% of the population.

209. If the plebeians worked hard enough, they could become patricians.

210. The last Etruscan king of Rome was named Tarquin the Proud.

211. Roman women were treated like property.

212. Patricians controlled the government.

213. Male patricians and female patricians got married around age 13.

214. A domus was nicer than an insula.

215. The son of Tarquin the Proud killed Lucretia.

216. The legislative branch of the Roman Republic made the laws.

217. The Roman Senate was like our Congress.

218. When one of the Roman consuls vetoed an act of the other Roman consul, this was an example of the system of ________________ in the Roman Republic.

219. Today in Washington, DC a law passed by the U.S. Congress (legislative branch) and supported by President Obama (executive branch) is being evaluated by the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial branch) to decide whether or not it is constitutional. This is an example of the system of _______________ in the U.S. republic.

220. The system of checks and balances is important because ____________________ ______________________ _________.

221. When one of the Roman consuls vetoed an act of the other Roman consul, this was an example of the system of ________________ in the Roman Republic.

222. When one of the Roman consuls vetoed an act of the other Roman consul, this was an example of the system of checks and balances in the Roman Republic.

223. Today in Washington, DC a law passed by the U.S. Congress (legislative branch) and supported by President Obama (executive branch) is being evaluated by the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial branch) to decide whether or not it is constitutional. This is an example of the system of _______________ in the U.S. republic.

224. Today in Washington, DC a law passed by the U.S. Congress (legislative branch) and supported by President Obama (executive branch) is being evaluated by the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial branch) to decide whether or not it is constitutional. This is an example of the system of checks and balances in the U.S. republic.

225. The system of checks and balances is important because ____________________ ______________________ _________.

226. The system of checks and balances is important because it makes sure that no one person or one group becomes too powerful.

227. (Top) 2 Consuls Preside over Senate Commander in Chief during war Supreme Judges when needed Veto power over each other Hold position 1 year

228. (Right) 10 Tribunes Protect rights of plebeians Veto power over laws

229. (Bottom Right) Assembly of Centuries Plebeians and patricians Elect Consuls Elect Censors… Elect Praetors… Could declare war or ratify peace treaties

230. (Bottom Left) Assembly of Tribes All plebeians Elect Tribunes Elect Questors (Treasurers) Enact laws Conduct minor trials

231. (Left) Senate 300 Senators Foreign and military matters Finances and public lands Appointments State religion Hold office