1. Sensory Organs
EO Part 29

2. Overview of Lesson (Insert Dari)
Opthamologicals
Eye anti-infectives
Eye anti-inflammatories
Anti-glaucoma preparations and miotics
Mydriatics and cycloplegics
Eye decongestants and anti-allergics
Otologicals
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3. What I need to know as a pharmacy technician (Insert Dari)
In this lecture we will cover the drugs listed in the ANA Formulary which are classified according to the ATC system under
(S) Sensory Organs
For each of these medications/classes students must obtain an understanding of:
(1) Mechanism of Action
(2) Indications (Uses)
(3) Efficacy
(4) Side Effects
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5. Opthalmologicals (Insert Dari)

6. Disorders of the Eye (Insert Dari)
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) – Infection of the conjunctiva (very outer layer of the eye) caused by bacteria, viruses or in rare cases fungi.
Blepharitis - inflammation of the eyelid, can be caused by bacteria.
Hordeolum (sty) - infection of an eyelash gland.

8. Eye Anti-infectives (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of Action
Stops bacterial infections in the same manner as when taken orally.
Fluoroquinolones:
Moxifloxacin/Ciprofloxacin
Interfere with DNA synthesis
Aminoglycosides:
Gentamicin
Interfere with protein synthesis.
Sulfacetamide – interferes with folic acid synthesis
Polymixin/Bacitracin – damages cell membrane/ inhibits cell wall synthesis
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9. Eye Anti-infectives (Insert Dari)
Povidine and Polyvinyl alcohol
Povidone is known to be a powerful germicidal agent effective against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and spores.
Indications (Use)
Conjunctivitis (infection of the outer layer of they eye).
Generally less serious infections (pink eye) are treated with polymixin/gramacidin .
Depending on the infective agent suspected more serious infections will be treated as appropriate with the other antibiotics.

10. Eye Anti-infectives (Insert Dari)
Side Effects
Change in eyesight (blurry vision for a few moments after instilling the eyedrops).
Eye pain
Irritation
Burning
Stinging

11. Eye Anti-infectives (Insert Dari)
Important Points
How to properly instill eye drops will be covered in detail during EO
Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
If infection doesn’t clear up in 48 to 72 hrs the patient should see a physician as they may require a different antibiotic.
Can be stored at room temperature.

13. Steroid Eye Drops : Prednisolone (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of action
Decreases inflammation and irritation.
Indications (Use)
Conjunctivitis
Corneal injuries
Eye Swelling
Side Effects
• Short-term pain after use.
• Cataracts or glaucoma with long-term use.
May feel a burning or stinging sensation after instilling the eye drops.
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14. Prednisolone (Eye drops) (Insert Dari)
Important Points
How to properly instill eye drops will be covered in detail during EO
Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
Can be stored at room temperature.
Patient should start to feel some benefit with a few hours of using the drops.
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16. Combination Eye Drops (Anti-infective and Steroid) (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of Action
Kills bacteria that are causing an eye infection the steroid acts as an anti-inflammatory helping to reduce irritation and discomfort.
Indication
To treat an eye infection.
Side Effects
Short-term pain after use.
• Cataracts or glaucoma with long-term use.
May feel a burning or stinging sensation after instilling the eye drops
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17. Combination Eye Drops (Anti-infective and Steroid) (Insert Dari)
Important Points
How to properly instill eye drops will be covered in detail during EO
Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
If infection doesn’t clear up in 48 to 72 hrs the patient should see a physician as they may require a different antibiotic.
Can be stored at room temperature.
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19. Disorders of the Eye (Insert Dari)
Glaucoma – increased intraocular pressure. This can permanently damage vision in the affected eye(s) and lead to blindness if left untreated.

20. Anti-glaucoma Preparations (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of Action
Decreased internal eye pressure
Contracts eyeball iris
Indication
To treat glaucoma.
Side Effects
Pilocarpine:
Eye irritation
Blurred eyesight
Lowered night vision
May cause eyelashes to grow.
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21. Anti-glaucoma Preparations (Insert Dari)
Side Effects
Timolol:
Eye irritaiton
Change in vision
Important Points
How to properly instill eye drops will be covered in detail during EO
Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
Can be stored at room temperature.
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23. Atropine Eye Drops (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of Action
Stops contraction of eyeball iris (dilation)
Indication
To treat swelling of the eye.
To widen the pupil prior to an eye examination.
Side Effects
•Burning.
•Stinging.
•Eye irritation.
•Blurred eyesight.
•Bright lights may be bothersome.
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24. Atropine Eye Drops (Insert Dari)
Important Points
How to properly instill eye drops will be covered in detail during EO
Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
Can be stored at room temperature.
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26. Cromolyn Eye Drops (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of Action
Decreases inflammation and irritation.
Indication
Allergies causing eye irritation.
Side Effects
Can cause irritation of the eye.
Burning stinging sensation.

27. Cromolyn Eye Drops (Insert Dari)
Important Points
How to properly instill eye drops will be covered in detail during EO
Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
Can be stored at room temperature.
Should start to see an improvement in symptoms within hrs.

28. Otologicals
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29. Otitis Externa (Insert Dari)
Otitis Externa - inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal (often occurs in swimmers). Treatment of inflammation and infection primarily involves use of topical agents. Otitis Media – inflammation of the middle ear should never be treated with topical agents.
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31. Treatments for Otitis Externa (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of Action Antibiotics- kill the bacteria/inhibit growth through various mechanisms. Boric Acid – increases the acidity of the inner ear preventing the bacteria from growing. Indications Otitis externa (infection of the outer ear and ear canal).

32. Treatments for Otitis Externa (Insert Dari)
Side Effects
Can cause irritation of the ear.
Can cause dizziness
Important Points
Proper instillation of ear drops will be covered in EO
If symptoms do not improve within hrs the patient should see their physician.

33. Questions? (Insert Dari)

34. In-class Assignment (Insert Dari)
This assignment will consist of 3 questions which are to be completed individually.
Once complete the instructor will review the answers with the class.
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35. 1. Match the following ophthalmologic agents with their indication (use). (Insert Dari)
Atropine
Timolol
Polymixin/bacitracin eye drops
Prednisolone
Reduce inflammation and irritation
Reduce eye pressure and can be used before an eye exam
To treat an eye infection
Glaucoma
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36. 1. Match the following ophthalmologic agents with their indication (use). (Insert Dari)
Atropine (2) reduce eye pressure and can be used before an eye exam
Timolol (4) glaucoma
Polymixin/bacitracin eye drops (3) to treat an eye infection
Prednisolone (1) reduce inflammation and irritation
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37. 2. When speaking to a patient regarding their eye drops all of the following information is important to tell them EXCEPT for? (Insert Dari)
Wash your hands before an after using the eyedrops
Do not touch the tip of the eyedropper to avoid contaminating the bottle.
Be sure to store the eyedrops in the fridge.
For antibacterial eye drops patients should begin to see improvement within 48 – 72 hrs.
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38. 2. Answer: When speaking to a patient regarding their eye drops all of the following information is important to tell them EXCEPT for? (Insert Dari)
Wash your hands before an after using the eyedrops
Do not touch the tip of the eyedropper to avoid contaminating the bottle.
Be sure to store the eyedrops in the fridge.
For antibacterial eye drops patients should begin to see improvement within 48 – 72 hrs.
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The majority of eye drops are NOT stored in the fridge be sure to check manufacture’s information prior to speaking with a patient.
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39. 3. True or False: Topical ear drops are a great option for treating otitis media. (Insert Dari)

40. 3. True or False: Topical ear drops are a great option for treating otitis media (inner ear infections). (Insert Dari) Answer: False, topical ear drops are primarily used to treat infection of the outer ear and ear canal (otitis externa). They do not penetrate the inner ear well enough to treat otitis media.