1. Nonrenewable Energy Nonrenewable Energy Resources and Locations

2. 1. Energy Sources 2. Oil 3. Natural Gas 4. Coal 5. Nuclear Energy www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

3. Energy Sources Today’s society requires a lot of energy that is developed from the earth’s natural resources. Primary Energy Resources: The fossil fuels(oil, gas, and coal), nuclear energy, falling water, geothermal, and solar energy. Secondary Energy Resources: Those sources which we get from primary resources such as electricity, fuels from coal (synthetic natural gas and synthetic gasoline), and alcohol fuels. www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

4. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels come from the decay of living things from millions of years ago. They make up about 80% of the energy generated in the U.S. The fossil fuels used in energy development are: Natural gas Liquid hydrocarbons Coal www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

5. Problems with Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources – we can’t create them…once they’re gone they’re gone. Scientists believe we will be out of fossil fuels by the end of the 21 st century. They are a major source of pollution Burning fossil fuels produce large amounts of CO 2, which contributes to global warming www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

6. 1. Energy Resources 2. Oil 3. Natural Gas 4. Coal 5. Nuclear Energy www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

7. Oil Deposits of crude oil often are trapped within the earth's crust and can be removed by drilling a well. It is made by the decomposition of deeply buried material from plants & animals

8. Sources of Oil Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) -- 13 countries have 67% of the world’s oil: Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, & Venezuela Other important producers: Alaska, Siberia, & Mexico. www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

10. 1. Energy Resources 2. Oil 3. Natural Gas 4. Coal 5. Nuclear Energy www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

11. Natural Gas - Fossil Fuel Mixture 50–90% Methane (CH 4 ) Ethane (C 2 H 6 ) Propane (C 3 H 8 ) Butane (C 4 H 10 ) Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

12. Sources of Natural Gas Russia & Kazakhstan - almost 40% of world's supply. Iran (15%) Qatar (5%) Saudi Arabia (4%) Algeria (4%) United States (3%) Nigeria (3%) Venezuela (3%); www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

13. billion cubic metres

14. Natural Gas Experts predict increased use of natural gas during this century

15. 1. Energy Resources 2. Oil 3. Natural Gas 4. Coal 5. Nuclear Energy www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

16. Coal: Supply and Demand Coal exists in many forms Coalification: After plants died chemical decay developed a product known as peat Over many years, thick peat layers formed. Peat is then converted to coal by natural events which expose the peat to great pressures and temperatures. www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

17. Coal: Locations China 0 China is the world's largest producer and consumer of coal in the world. It has the third largest reserves, behind Russia and the United States with 13.5 percent of the world's coal. The United States 0 The United States has the world's largest deposits of coal, an estimated 28.6 percent of the world's coal.deposits Russia 0 Russia is the fifth largest producer of coal but has the second largest reserve, at 18.5 percent of the world's coal. Australia 0 Australia has the fourth greatest coal deposits in the world, at 76.5 gigatons or about 9 percent of the world’s coal. Europe 0 The growth of natural gas use has made most of the coal production obsolete in recent years. Germany, Poland and Ukraine still rely heavily on coal for electricity. The general trend for most European nations, however, is for the phase-out of the coal industry due to environmental concerns.natural gas www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

18. Main Coal Deposits www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

19. Advantages and Disadvantages Pros Most abundant fossil fuel Major U.S. reserves 300 yrs. at current consumption rates High energy yield Cons Dirtiest fuel, highest carbon dioxide Major environmental damage Major threat to health © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

20. 1. Energy Resources 2. Oil 3. Natural Gas 4. Coal 5. Nuclear Energy www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

21. Nuclear Energy In a conventional nuclear power plant a controlled nuclear fission chain reaction heats water to produce high-pressure steam that turns turbines generates electricity.

22. Nuclear Energy Concerns about the safety, cost, and liability have slowed the growth of the nuclear power industry Accidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island showed that a partial or complete meltdown is possible

23. Three Mile Island March 29, 1979, a reactor near Harrisburg, PA lost coolant water because of mechanical and human mistakes and caused a partial meltdown 50,000 people were evacuated & another 50,000 fled area Unknown amounts of radioactive materials released Partial cleanup & damages cost $1.2 billion Released radiation increased cancer rates. www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

25. Chernobyl April 26, 1986, reactor explosion (Ukraine) flung radioactive debris into atmosphereatmosphere Health ministry reported 3,576 deaths Green Peace estimates 32,000 deaths About 400,000 people were forced to leave their homes ~62,00 sq mi contaminated > Half million people exposed to dangerous levels of radioactivity Cost of incident > $358 billion www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

27. Use of Nuclear Energy U.S. phasing out 40% of 105 commercial nuclear power plants expected to be retired by 2015 and all by 2030 No new U.S. power plants ordered since 1978 U.S. currently ~7% of our energy is nuclear France 78% of their energy is nuclear Some countries (France, Japan) investing increasingly North Korea is getting new plants from the US www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt