1. Lamprey on a Salmon Video

3. Lamprey Anatomy

4. Critical Thinking???
Hagfishes have tiny eyes buried beneath the skin and lampreys have large, exposed eyes. Explain how each type of eye is an adaptation for feeding style.

5. Critical Thinking???
How & why would the respiration process differ from a lamprey to a bony fish?

6. Interpret This Graph

7. Marine Fishes
Class Osteichthyes – Bony fishes; the most prominent group of vertebrates, they
include about 24,000 species.
In addition to having a
bony skeleton,
there are some other
major differences
between bony and
cartilaginous fishes.

8. Marine Fishes
Bony and cartilaginous fishes also have very different strategies for maintaining their
position within the water column.
Most bony fishes use a swim bladder for lift, whereas most sharks rely on the
swimming generated lift that is a function of the fluid dynamics of their fins and tail.
Both groups do however use bands of muscle called myomeres to generate the basic
undulating motions of the body.
There are many exceptions though…

9. Marine Fishes There is however great variation
to the basic themes of movement,
as well as the body shapes that
are best adapted to different
environments and different
swimming habits…

10. Marine Fishes - Coloration
The color of bony fishes is typically found in special cells in the skin called
chromatophores.
Different chromatophores, each with varying amounts of pigments, can dictate
the basic color pattern of the different fishes.
Many fishes can even change their coloration based on their environmental
conditions (for predation, avoidance of predation, and communication with
others of the same species).
Examples of general fish coloration patterns:
Warning coloration
Cryptic coloration
Disruptive coloration
Countershading

11. Marine Fishes – Circulatory System
The circulatory system of all fishes are based on a two-chambered hearts that pump
blood to the gills, from where the oxygenated blood is carried to the body
through arteries and capillaries, before returning to the heart through the
veins.

12. Marine Fishes – Circulatory System
The mechanism for irrigating the gills is different for bony and cartilaginous fishes.
Cartilaginous fishes:
Bony fishes:

13. Spiracles

14. Marine Fishes – Circulatory System
Gas exchange occurs in the gills,
where a counter-current flowing
blood/water system allows for
very efficient oxygenation of the
blood…

15. Marine Fishes – Sensory System
Marine fishes have well developed nervous and sensory systems.
Many have a great sense of smell. Their nostrils open to olfactory
sacs on both sides of the head. Some sharks can detect
blood at concentrations as little as one part per million!
Fishes detect taste with their taste buds in their mouth, as well as
on their barbels (whisker-like organs found around the
mouths of some bottom dwelling fishes).
Most fish have a somewhat well developed sense of vision. Some
shallow water bony fishes have color vision, but most fishes
do not… also, focusing is done by moving the lens as supposed
to changing it’s shape…
Some cartilaginous fish have sensory organs around the head called
ampullae of Lorenzini. They can detect week electrical fields
that may be used for navigation, as well as for detecting prey.
Most fishes can also perceive sounds with their inner ear, and they can detect
changes in their position within the water column using their ear
stones or otoliths… (nerve cells detect changes in positioning).