1. NS2 - Wireless Network Ming-Feng Yang

2. 2 2 Outline Basic wireless model Extensions wireless model Example - Ad hoc network Example – WLAN Example – Mobile IP

3. 3 3 Basic wireless model Creating wireless topology set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y) # where opt(x) and opt(y) are the boundaries used in simulation

4. 4 4 Basic wireless model Configure the node $ns_ node-config -adhocRouting DSDV or DSR or TORA or AODV \ -topoInstance $topo \ -addressType flat or hierarchical or expanded\ -wiredRouting ON \ -mobileIP ON \ -llType LL \ -macType Mac/802_11 \ -antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \ -propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \ -phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \ -channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \ -ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \ -ifqLen \ -agentTrace ON or OFF \ -routerTrace ON or OFF \ -macTrace ON or OFF \ -movementTrace ON or OFF MobileIP Wired-cum-wireless

5. 5 5 Basic wireless model Node movement $node set X_ $node set Y_ $node set Z_ # Start-position $ns at $time $node setdest # Future destinations

6. 6 6 Basic wireless model New traces format $ns use-newtrace s -t 0.029290548 -Hs 1 -Hd -1 -Ni 1 -Nx 390.00 -Ny 385.00 -Nz 0.00 -Ne -1.000000 -Nl RTR -Nw --- -Ma 0 -Md 0 -Ms 0 -Mt 0 -Is 1.255 -Id -1.255 -It message -Il 32 -If 0 -Ii 0 -Iv 32 event s,r,d,f time id for next hop destination node id node’s x-coordinate node’s z-coordinate node’s y-coordinate node energy level trace level reason for this event duration dest’s ethernet addr source’s ethernet addr ethernet type source’s addr.port dest’s addr.port packet type packet size flow id unique id ttl value -H: next hop info -N: node info -M: MAC level info -I: IP level info

7. 7 7 Basic wireless model Movement scenario generator cd ns-allinone-2.27/ns-2.27/indep-utils/cmu-scen-gen/setdest./setdest -n 3 -p 2.0 -s 20.0 -t 300 -x 600 -y 600 > pattern-file Num-of-nodesPause-timeMax-speedSim-timeTopo-boundary source pattern-file set god_ [God instance] $ns_ at 50.000000000000 "$node_(2) setdest 369.463244915743 170.519203111152 3.371785899154” $ns_ at 51.000000000000 "$node_(1) setdest 221.826585497093 80.855495003839 14.909259208114” $ns_ at 33.000000000000 "$node_(0) setdest 89.663708107313 283.494644426442 19.153832288917” $god_ set-dist 1 2 2 $god_ set-dist 0 2 3 $god_ set-dist 0 1 1 $node_(2) set Z_ 0.000000000000 $node_(2) set Y_ 199.373306816804 $node_(2) set X_ 591.256560093833 $node_(1) set Z_ 0.000000000000 $node_(1) set Y_ 345.357731779204 $node_(1) set X_ 257.046298323157 $node_(0) set Z_ 0.000000000000 $node_(0) set Y_ 239.438009831261 $node_(0) set X_ 83.364418416244 :

8. 8 8 Basic wireless model Traffic scenario generator ns cbrgen.tcl -type tcp -nn 25 -seed 0.0 -mc 8 > pattern-file ns cbrgen.tcl -type cbr -nn 10 -seed 1.0 -mc 8 -rate 4.0 > pattern-file CBR-or-TCPNum-of-nodesRandom-seedMax-connectionCBR-rate source pattern-file # nodes: 10, max conn: 8, send rate: 0.25, seed: 1.0 # 1 connecting to 2 at time 2.5568388786897245 set udp_(0) [new Agent/UDP] $ns_ attach-agent $node_(1) $udp_(0) set null_(0) [new Agent/Null] $ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $null_(0) set cbr_(0) [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr_(0) set packetSize_ 512 $cbr_(0) set interval_ 0.25 $cbr_(0) set random_ 1 $cbr_(0) set maxpkts_ 10000 $cbr_(0) attach-agent $udp_(0) $ns_ connect $udp_(0) $null_(0) $ns_ at 2.5568388786897245 "$cbr_(0) start“ :

9. 9 9 Extensions wireless model wired-cum-wireless $ns_ node-config -addressType hierarchical AddrParams set domain_num_ 2 lappend cluster_num 2 1 AddrParams set cluster_num_ $cluster_num lappend eilastlevel 1 1 4 AddrParams set nodes_num_ $eilastlevel set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0} for {set i 0} {$i < $num_wired_nodes} {incr i} { set W($i) [$ns_ node [lindex $temp $i]] } $ns_ node-config -wiredRouting ON set temp {1.0.0 1.0.1 1.0.2 1.0.3} set BS(0) [$ns_ node [lindex $temp 0]] $BS(0) random-motion 0 $ns_ node-config -wiredRouting OFF for {set j 0} {$j < $opt(nn)} {incr j} { set node_($j) [ $ns_ node [lindex $temp [expr $j+1]] ] $node_($j) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$BS(0) node-addr]] } W(0) W(1) BS(0) node_(1) node_(0) node_(2) domain 0 domain 1 cluster 0 cluster 1 cluster 0 0,0,0 0,1,0 1,0,0 1,0,1 1,0,2 1,0,3

10. 10 Extensions wireless model Mobile IP $ns_ node-config -mobileIP ON set HA [$ns_ node 1.0.0] set FA [$ns_ node 2.0.0] $HA random-motion 0 $FA random-motion 0 set MH [$ns_ node 1.0.1] set node_(0) $MH set HAaddress [AddrParams addr2id [$HA node-addr]] [$MH set regagent_] set home_agent_ $HAaddress W(0) W(1) HA MH FA

11. 11 Example - Ad hoc network Traffic: node(0) to node(1)

12. 12 Example - Ad hoc network Traffic: node(0) to node(1)

13. 13 Example - Ad hoc network Traffic: node(0) to node(1)

14. 14 Example - Ad hoc network set val(chan)Channel/WirelessChannel;# channel type set val(prop)Propagation/TwoRayGround;# radio-propagation model set val(netif)Phy/WirelessPhy;# network interface type set val(mac)Mac/802_11;# MAC type set val(ifq)Queue/DropTail/PriQueue;# interface queue type set val(ll)LL ;# link layer type set val(ant)Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model set val(ifqlen)50 ;# max packet in ifq set val(nn)3 ;# number of nodes set val(rp)DSDV ;# routing protocol set val(x)500 ;# X dimension of topography set val(y)400 ;# Y dimension of topography set val(stop)150;# time of simulation end # Define options set ns [new Simulator] set tracefd [open out.tr w] set namtrace [open out.nam w] $ns trace-all $tracefd $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)

15. 15 Example - Ad hoc network set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) # Create a topology object that keeps track of movements of nodes within the topological boundary create-god $val(nn) # God object is used to store global information about the state of the environment, network or nodes $ns node-config-adhocRouting $val(rp) \ -llType $val(ll) \ -macType $val(mac) \ -ifqType $val(ifq) \ -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \ -antType $val(ant) \ -propType $val(prop) \ -phyType $val(netif) \ -channelType $val(chan) \ -topoInstance $topo \ -agentTrace ON \ -routerTrace ON \ -macTrace OFF \ -movementTrace ON # Configure the nodes

16. 16 Example - Ad hoc network for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } { set node_($i) [$ns node] $node_($i) random-motion 0;# disable random motion } # Create the specified number of nodes [$val(nn)] and "attach" them to the channel $node_(0) set X_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Y_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(1) set X_ 490.0 $node_(1) set Y_ 285.0 $node_(1) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(2) set X_ 150.0 $node_(2) set Y_ 240.0 $node_(2) set Z_ 0.0 # Provide initial location of nodes $ns at 10.0 "$node_(0) setdest 250.0 250.0 3.0" $ns at 30.0 "$node_(1) setdest 45.0 285.0 5.0" $ns at 100.0 "$node_(0) setdest 480.0 300.0 5.0" # Generation of movements

17. 17 Example - Ad hoc network set tcp [new Agent/TCP] set sink [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp $ns attach-agent $node_(1) $sink $ns connect $tcp $sink set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $tcp $ns at 10.0 "$ftp start" # Set up a TCP connection between node_(0) and node_(1) for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} { incr i } { $ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 40 } # Define node initial position in NAM, 40 defines the node size for NAM for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } { $ns at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset"; } # Telling nodes when the simulation ends

18. 18 Example - Ad hoc network $ns at $val(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)" $ns at $val(stop) "stop" proc stop {} { global ns tracefd namtrace $ns flush-trace close $tracefd close $namtrace exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } # ending nam and the simulation $ns run

19. 19 Example - WLAN Traffic: node(3) to node(0), node(1) to node(5),

20. 20 Example - WLAN Traffic: node(3) to node(0), node(1) to node(5),

21. 21 Example - WLAN Traffic: node(3) to node(0), node(1) to node(5),

22. 22 Example - WLAN Traffic: node(3) to node(0), node(1) to node(5),

23. 23 Example - WLAN set opt(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type set opt(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround;# radio-propagation model set opt(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type set opt(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type set opt(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type set opt(ll) LL ;# link layer type set opt(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model set opt(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq set opt(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes set opt(rp) DSDV ;# routing protocol set opt(x) 300 ;# x coordinate of topology set opt(y) 300 ;# y coordinate of topology set opt(stop) 30 ;# time to stop simulation set opt(ftp1-start) 5.0 set opt(ftp2-start) 5.0 set num_wired_nodes 2 set num_bs_nodes 1 # Define options

24. 24 Example - WLAN set ns [new Simulator] set tracefd [open out.tr w] set namtrace [open out.nam w] $ns trace-all $tracefd $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $opt(x) $opt(y) $ns node-config -addressType hierarchical AddrParams set domain_num_ 2 ;# number of domains lappend cluster_num 2 1 ;# number of clusters in each domain AddrParams set cluster_num_ $cluster_num lappend eilastlevel 1 1 4;# number of nodes in each cluster of each domain AddrParams set nodes_num_ $eilastlevel # set up for hierarchical routing set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y) # Create a topology object that keeps track of movements of nodes within the topological boundary create-god [expr $opt(nn) + $num_bs_nodes] # God object is used to store global information about the state of the environment, network or nodes

25. 25 Example - WLAN set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0} ;# hierarchical addresses for wired domain for {set i 0} {$i < $num_wired_nodes} {incr i} { set W($i) [$ns node [lindex $temp $i]] } #Create wired nodes $ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(rp) \ -llType $opt(ll) \ -macType $opt(mac) \ -ifqType $opt(ifq) \ -ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \ -antType $opt(ant) \ -propType $opt(prop) \ -phyType $opt(netif) \ -channelType $opt(chan) \ -topoInstance $topo \ -wiredRouting ON \ -agentTrace ON \ -routerTrace OFF \ -macTrace OFF # Configure for base-station node

26. 26 Example - WLAN set temp {1.0.0 1.0.1 1.0.2 1.0.3} ;# hierarchical addresses to be used for wireless domain set BS(0) [$ns node [lindex $temp 0]] $BS(0) random-motion 0 ;# disable random motion #create base-station node $BS(0) set X_ 150.0 $BS(0) set Y_ 250.0 $BS(0) set Z_ 0.0 # provide some co-ord (fixed) to base-station node $ns node-config -wiredRouting OFF for {set j 0} {$j < $opt(nn)} {incr j} { set node_($j) [ $ns node [lindex $temp [expr $j+1]] ] $node_($j) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$BS(0) node-addr]] } # create mobilenodes in the same domain as BS(0) and configure for mobilenodes $ns duplex-link $W(0) $W(1) 5Mb 2ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $W(1) $BS(0) 5Mb 2ms DropTail #create links between wired and BS nodes $ns duplex-link-op $W(0) $W(1) orient down $ns duplex-link-op $W(1) $BS(0) orient left-down

27. 27 Example - WLAN set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP] set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp1 $ns attach-agent $W(0) $sink1 $ns connect $tcp1 $sink1 $tcp1 set fid_ 1 set ftp1 [new Application/FTP] $ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1 $ns at $opt(ftp1-start) "$ftp1 start" # setup first TCP connection set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP] $tcp2 set class_ 2 set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $W(1) $tcp2 $ns attach-agent $node_(2) $sink2 $ns connect $tcp2 $sink2 $tcp2 set fid_ 2 set ftp2 [new Application/FTP] $ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2 $ns at $opt(ftp2-start) "$ftp2 start" # setup second TCP connection

28. 28 Example - WLAN $node_(0) set X_ 120.0 $node_(0) set Y_ 220.0 $node_(0) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(1) set X_ 250.0 $node_(1) set Y_ 250.0 $node_(1) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(2) set X_ 20.0 $node_(2) set Y_ 20.0 $node_(2) set Z_ 0.0 # Provide initial location of nodes $ns at 10.0 "$node_(0) setdest 290.0 10.0 30.0" $ns at 15.0 "$node_(1) setdest 50.0 100.0 20.0" $ns at 5.0 "$node_(2) setdest 170.0 240.0 30.0" # Generation of movements

29. 29 Example - WLAN for {set i } {$i < $opt(nn) } {incr i} { $ns at $opt(stop) "$node_($i) reset"; } $ns at $opt(stop) "$BS(0) reset"; # Tell all nodes when the simulation ends $ns at $opt(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $opt(stop)" $ns at $opt(stop) "stop" proc stop {} { global ns tracefd namtrace $ns flush-trace close $tracefd close $namtrace exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } # ending nam and the simulation $ns run

30. 30 Example – Mobile IP Traffic: node(0) to node(4)

31. 31 Example – Mobile IP Traffic: node(0) to node(4)

32. 32 Example – Mobile IP Traffic: node(0) to node(4)

33. 33 Example – Mobile IP Traffic: node(0) to node(4)

34. 34 Example – Mobile IP Traffic: node(0) to node(4)

35. 35 Example – Mobile IP set opt(chan)Channel/WirelessChannel;# channel type set opt(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model set opt(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type set opt(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type set opt(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type set opt(ll) LL ;# link layer type set opt(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model set opt(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq set opt(nn) 1 ;# number of mobilenodes set opt(rp) DSDV ;# routing protocol set opt(x) 500.0 ;# x coordinate of topology set opt(y) 500.0 ;# y coordinate of topology set opt(stop) 50.0 ;# time to stop simulation set opt(ftp1-start) 0.0 set num_wired_nodes 2 set num_bs_nodes 2 # Define options

36. 36 Example – Mobile IP set ns [new Simulator] set tracefd [open out.tr w] set namtrace [open out.nam w] $ns trace-all $tracefd $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $opt(x) $opt(y) $ns color 1 Red $ns node-config -addressType hierarchical AddrParams set domain_num_ 3 ;# number of domains lappend cluster_num 2 1 1;# number of clusters in each domain AddrParams set cluster_num_ $cluster_num lappend eilastlevel 1 1 2 1;# number of nodes in each cluster of each domain AddrParams set nodes_num_ $eilastlevel # set up for hierarchical routing set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y) # Create a topology object that keeps track of movements of nodes within the topological boundary

37. 37 Example – Mobile IP create-god [expr $opt(nn) + $num_bs_nodes] # God object is used to store global information about the state of the environment, network or nodes set temp {0.0.0 0.1.0} ;# hierarchical addresses for wired domain for {set i 0} {$i < $num_wired_nodes} {incr i} { set W($i) [$ns node [lindex $temp $i]] } #Create wired nodes $ns node-config -mobileIP ON \ -adhocRouting $opt(rp) \ -llType $opt(ll) \ -macType $opt(mac) \ -ifqType $opt(ifq) \ -ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \ -antType $opt(ant) \ -propType $opt(prop) \ -phyType $opt(netif) \ -channelType $opt(chan) \ -topoInstance $topo \ -wiredRouting ON \ -agentTrace ON \ -routerTrace OFF \ -macTrace OFF # Configure for ForeignAgent and HomeAgent nodes

38. 38 Example – Mobile IP set HA_ [$ns node 1.0.0] set FA_ [$ns node 2.0.0] $HA_ random-motion 0 $FA_ random-motion 0 # Create HA and FA $HA_ set X_ 100.0 $HA_ set Y_ 200.0 $HA_ set Z_ 0.0 $FA_ set X_ 400.0 $FA_ set Y_ 200.0 $FA_ set Z_ 0.0 # Position (fixed) for base-station nodes (HA & FA). $ns node-config -wiredRouting OFF set MH_ [$ns node 1.0.1] set HAaddress [AddrParams addr2id [$HA_ node-addr]] [$MH_ set regagent_] set home_agent_ $HAaddress # note address of MH indicates its in the same domain as HA. $ns duplex-link $W(0) $W(1) 5Mb 2ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $W(1) $HA_ 5Mb 2ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $W(1) $FA_ 5Mb 2ms DropTail # create links between wired and BaseStation nodes

39. 39 Example – Mobile IP set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP] set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $W(0) $tcp1 $ns attach-agent $MH_ $sink1 $ns connect $tcp1 $sink1 $tcp1 set fid_ 1 set ftp1 [new Application/FTP] $ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1 $ns at $opt(ftp1-start) "$ftp1 start" # setup TCP connections between a wired node and the MobileHost $MH_ set X_ 100.0 $MH_ set Y_ 170.0 $MH_ set Z_ 0.0 # Provide initial location of MH $ns at 5.0 "$MH_ setdest 400.0 170.0 20.0" # MH starts to move towards FA $ns at 25.0 "$MH_ setdest 100.0 170.0 20.0" # goes back to HA $ns initial_node_pos $MH_ 10 # Define initial node position in NAM

40. 40 Example – Mobile IP $ns at $opt(stop) "$MH_ reset"; $ns at $opt(stop) "$HA_ reset"; $ns at $opt(stop) "$FA_ reset"; # Tell all nodes when the simulation ends $ns at $opt(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $opt(stop)" $ns at $opt(stop) "stop" proc stop {} { global ns tracefd namtrace $ns flush-trace close $tracefd close $namtrace exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } # ending nam and the simulation $ns run