1. Cells: Part One Structures and Function All images in this presentation are public domain unless otherwise indicated. Photo credit is given where required.

2. STUDYING CELLS! MINUTE MADNESS! How much do you already know about cells? On your hand out write down 5 things you know about cells… Discuss Get ready to find out more!

3. Blood cell Lung cell Nerve cell Leaf cell Bone marrow cell Bacteria cell Sperm & Egg cells (Sex cells) Picture by: Nicolas.Rougier Photo by Markus Nolf

4. People did not know cells existed until the discovery of the microscope. The microscope was invented by Robert Hooke in 1665 and therefore he was the first person to see cells. When Hooke saw cork cells he compared them to the small rooms in a monastery which were called cells and coined the word “cell”

5. Anton van Leeuwenhoek – (1683)was the first person to observe living organisms in pond water. "Commons" and "Wikipedia"

6. Compound Light Microscope Uses a series of glass lenses to magnify images Click to see magnifications Click here!here

7. A cell is the smallest functioning part of an organism. The shape of a cell is related to function – why do you think blood cells are smooth and round but nerve cells have many long projections? Cells vary in size and shape. Click here to have a look at an animation that illustrates the size of cellsClick here Some Organisms are Unicellular = composed of ONE cell Some organisms are Multicellular = composed of MANY cells

8. Schleiden,S chwann and Virchow Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic units of all living things. All cells are produced from existing cells.

9. Prokaryotes smallest & simplest cells lack a nucleus lack organelles no specialized functions. Example: Bacteria Eukaryotes have a nucleus have organelles Have specialized functions. Example: plant & animal cells

10. Prokaryotes Prokaryotes are the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria.. Unlike Eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus that houses its genetic material. Rather, the genetic material of a prokaryote cell consists of a large DNA molecule in the cytoplasm

11. Prokaryotes Prokaryotes are asexual, meaning their offspring nearly always have the exact characteristics of the parent cell. The prokaryotic cell replicates itself according to its own DNA.

12. Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells - Can be unicellular (protists such as paramecium and amoebae) or multicellular (animals, and plants or fungi). Wikipedia

13. Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells are the more complex cells of plants and animals. They have specialized organelles. Eukaryotic DNA is enclosed by a membrane making a well defined nucleus. Note that this is a plant cell – animal cells are also eukaryotic

14. Eukaryotes Cell division in eukaryotes is different from prokaryotes. There are two types of division processes involved in eukaryotic cells. The first is called mitosis, one cell divides to produce two genetically-identical cells. The second is meiosis, which is required in sexual reproduction, cells undergo recombination of each pair of parental chromosomes.

15. Eukaryotes Plant Cells (click here for picture)click here for picture have cell walls have chloroplasts have a large vacuole tend to be squared or rectangular Animal Cells (click here for picture)click here for picture have only cell membranes have smaller vacuoles tend to be round After you have looked at plants and animals individually click here to compareclick here to compare

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18. Can you spot a few differences between plant and animal cells?

19. A Nucleus with a nuclear envelope A Nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum (both Smooth and Rough ) Ribosomes Cell Membranes Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Similarities Both Plant and Animal Cells have:

20. Plant Cells have… Animal Cells have… Chloroplasts – an organelle which allows the plant to make it’s own food) Vacuoles (large)- Some animal cells have small vacuoles but plant vacuoles hold water and take up a lot of room – they provide structure and support for the cell Cell Walls – a hard outer shell that also provides structure for the cell – it’s a carbohydrate that we call fiber Lysosomes – involved in cellular digestion – they contain enzymes which break down wastes and cellular debris Centrioles – Involved in cellular reproduction.

21. Further Study Review this material using this linkthis link This website has an excellent review of all these topicswebsite Further sections of this Unit Include: Cells part 2 –The Plasma Membrane Cells part 3 – Organelles Cells part 4 – Transport in Cells