1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE SPINAL CORD

2. FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD
CONDUCTS NERVE IMPUSLES TO AND FROM THE BRAIN
PROCESSES SENSORY INFORMATION (LIMITED)

3. DEVELOPMENT OF SPINAL CORD
UNTIL THIRD FETAL MONTH, SPINAL CORD IS AS LONG AS THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
VETERBRAL COLUMN GROWS FASTER

4. FILIUM TERMINALE

5. CONUS MEDULLARIS

6. SPINAL NERVES
31 PAIRS
CERVICAL
THORACIC
LUMBAR
SACRAL
COCCYGEAL

7. CAUDA EQUINA

8. CERVICAL ENLARGEMENT INFERIOR CERVICAL REGION
GIVES RISE TO SPINAL NERVES THAT SERVE UPPER LIMBS

9. LUMBAR ENLARGEMENT INFERIOR THORACIC SUPERIOR LUMBAR REGIONS
GIVES RISE TO SPINAL NERVES THAT SUPPLY LOWER LIMBS

10. SPINAL CORD IN CROSS-SECTION
ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE
POSTERIOR MEDIAN SULCUS

11. MENINGES OF THE SPINAL CORD
DURA MATER
ARACHNOID MATER
PIA MATER
DENTICULATE LIGAMENTS

12. SPINAL CORD COMPOSITION
WHITE MATTER
GRAY MATTER

13. GRAY MATTER OF THE SPINAL CORD
GRAY COMMISSURE
CENTRAL CANAL
DORSAL/POSTERIOR HORNS
VENTRAL/ANTERIOR HORNS

14. ROOTS OF SPINAL NERVES
DORSAL
VENTRAL

15. DORSAL ROOTS
ENTER SPINAL CORD AT TIPS OF POSTERIOR HORN

16. DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA
SPINAL GANGLIA

17. VENTRAL ROOTS
LEAVE SPINAL CORD AT TIPS OF ANTERIOR HORN
MOTOR

18. SPINAL NERVE
FORMED BY FUSION OF DORSAL AND VENTRAL ROOTS

19. WHITE MATTER
COMPLETELY SURROUNDS THE GRAY MATTER

20. DIRECTION OF TRAVEL UP THE SPINAL CORD TO HIGHER LEVELS OR THE BRAIN
DOWN THE SPINAL CORD FROM BRAIN OR HIGHER LEVELS
ACROSS THE CORD, FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER

21. AREAS OF THE WHITE MATTER
POSTERIOR FUNICULUS
LATERAL FUNICULUS
ANTERIOR FUNICULUS

22. TRACTS OR FASCICULI
ASCENDING-SENSORY
DESCENDING-MOTOR

23. ASCENDING TRACTS
SENSORY

24. TYPES OF NEURONS
FIRST ORDER
SECOND ORDER
THIRD ORDER

25. FIRST ORDER NEURON
PERIPHERAL PORTION OF ITS NERVE FIBER IN SPINAL CORD
CELL BODY IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

26. SECOND ORDER NEURON CELL BODY LOCATED IN SPINAL CORD OR MEDULLA
CONNECTS FIRST ORDER WITH CELL BODY OF THIRD ORDER

27. THIRD ORDER NEURON CELL BODY LOCATED IN THE THALAMUS
CONNECTS TO CEREBRAL CORTEX

28. DECUSSATION OF SENSORY INPUT
CROSS AT LEVEL OF ENTRY
CROSS A FEW SEGMENTS ABOVE
CROSS IN THE MEDULLA

29. MAJOR ASCENDING TRACTS
FASCICULUS GRACILIS
FASCICULUS CUNEATUS
SPINOTHALAMIC TRACTS
SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
The major ascending (sensory) spinal tracts are the:

30. FASCICULUS CUNEATUS LATERAL TO FASCICULUS GRACILIS
UPPER LIMBS, TRUNK AND NECK
PROPRIOCEPTION
FINE TOUCH LOCATION
TERMINATES IN NUCLEUS CUNEATUS

31. FASCICULUS GRACILUS MEDIAL TO FASCICULUS CUNEATUS LOWER LIMBS
PROPRIOCEPTION
FINE TOUCH LOCATION
TERMINATES IN NUCLEUS GRACILIS

32. MEDIAL LEMNISCUS

33. SPINOTHALAMIC TRACTS SYNAPSE IN THALAMUS LATERAL SPINOTHALAMIC
ANTERIOR SPINOTHALAMIC

34. LATERAL SPINOTHALAMIC TRACTS
PAIN
TEMPERATURE

35. ANTERIOR SPINOTHALAMIC TRACTS
TOUCH
PRESSURE

36. SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
POSTERIOR CEREBELLAR TRACTS
ANTERIOR SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
PROPRIOCEPTION
SYNAPSE IN CEREBELLUM

37. DESCENDING TRACTS
MOTOR
PYRAMIDAL TRACTS
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS

38. PYRAMIDAL TRACTS CORTICOSPINAL TRACTS UPPER MOTOR NEURONS
LOWER MOTOR NEURONS
LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACTS
ANTERIOR CORTICOSPINAL TRACTS

39. EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS
RUBROSPINAL TRACTS
VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACTS
TECTOSPINAL TRACTS
OLIVOSPINAL TRACTS
FUNCTIONS OVERLAP
MODIFY CONTRACTIONS DEALING WITH POSTURE AND BALANCE

40. RUBROSPINAL TRACT

41. VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

42. TECTOSPINAL TRACT

43. OLIVOSPINAL TRACT

44. SPINAL REFLEX ARC

45. COMPONENTS OF A SPINAL REFLEX ARC
RECEPTOR
SENSORY (AFFERENT) NEURON
INTEGRATING CENTER
MOTOR (EFFERENT) NEURON
EFFECTOR

46. MONOSYNAPTIC VS POLYSNAPTIC

47. STRETCH REFLEX PATELLAR REFLEX RECIPROCAL INHIBITION
RECIPROCAL INNERVATION

48. PATELLAR REFLEX

49. TENDON REFLEX

50. NEURON POOLS
.:.

51. SPINAL DYSFUNCTIONS PARALYSIS LESIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD
TABES DORSALIS
POLIOMYELITIS
SYRINGOMYELIA
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

52. PARALYSIS
MONPELEGIA
DIPLEGIA
PARAPLEGIA
HEMIPLEGIA
QUADREPLEGIA

53. COMPLETE TRANSECTION CORD IS SEVERED COMPLETELY ALL SENS
ORY AND MOTOR FUNCTION BELOW IS LOST
EXTENT OF PARALYSIS DEPENDS ON LEVEL WHERE TRANSECTION OCCURS

54. HEMISECTION
PARTIAL TRANSECTION
ON ONE SIDE OR OTHER

55. FLACCID VS SPASTIC PARALYSIS
NO MOVEMENT
SPASTIC
EXAGGERATED, UNCONTROLLED MOVEMENTS

56. EFFECTS OF LESIONS IN THE SPINAL CORD
DAMAGE IS LOCATED BY IDENTIFYING COMBINATIONS OF LOSS OF FUNCTION

57. POLIOMYELITIS VIRAL DISEASE
DESTROYS MOTOR NERVE CELL BODIES IN ANTERIOR HORNS
ESPECIALLY IN CERVICAL AND LUMBAR ENLARGMENTS
CAN LEAD TO RESPIRATORY OR HEART FAILURE IF VIRUS INVADES NERVE CELLS IN MEDULLARY CENTERS

58. TABES DORSALIS SEQUELAE OF SYPHILIS
POSTERIOR FUNICULI AND DORSAL ROOTS DEGENERATE
ATAXIA

59. SYRINGOMYELIA
SMALL FLUD FILLED CYSTS FORM IN GRAY MATTER OF SPINAL CORD, BRAIN STEM
EPENDYMAL CELLS IN CENTRAL CANAL PROLIFERATE
PRODUCES SENSORY DYSFUNCTIONS
MOTOR WEAKNESS
MUSCLE ATROPHY

60. MULLTIPLE SCLEROSIS CHRONIC DESTRUCTION OF MYELIN SHEATHS
PLAQUES INTERFER WITH NORMAL NERVE TRANSMISSION
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
VIRUS MAY TRIGGER
SYMPTOMS VARY DEPENDING ON WHERE DAMAGE OCCURS

61. ENCEPHALITIS VS MYELITIS

62. MENINGITIS INFLAMMATION OF MENINGES
CAUSES MAYBE FUNGAL, BACTERIAL AND VIRAL