1. Linux Un*x Overview Peter Norton’s Guide to Unix Running Linux (O’Reilly) www.ssc.com/linux/ligs/node1.html http://www.linuxresources.com/

2. Unix from AT&T early 70’s –Multitasking –Mini & mainframes –“The One True OS” Many Un*x clones –System V, BSD, SCO Linus Torvalds –Oct 5, 1991 Linux V0.02 –complete clone (X Windows, TCP/IP, Emacs, UUCP, mail, etc) 70-80% WWW servers are Apache => Linux?

3. Linux multitasking, multiuser mostly compatible with Un*x File systems: ex2, msdos, nfs tcp/ip networking, slip, ppp, ftp, etc. Software: every utility of standard UNIX Editors: vi, elvis, GNU Emacs Up & running - easy Complete understanding - ?

4. Basic Concepts get a distribution of Linux install the system –boot, CD-Rom Hard disk Create an Account Login Virtual Consoles –Alt-F1, Alt-F2, etc home directory –~ (tcsh, bash)

5. Basic Commands cd, ls cp, mv, rm mkdir, rmdir man more, cat grep job control –somejob > /dev/null & –jobs –kill 124 or kill %1 –Ctrl-C, Ctrl-Z, Ctrl-D –fg %2 bg %1

6. Shells program which reads and executes commands from the user Similar to DOS command.com More powerful * complex Scripts = shell programming language Initialization files (autoexec.bat) –.bashrc,.cshrc –.emacs,.login

7. Command Processors Bourne shell ($) –sh –I/O redirection, job control C-Shell (#) –csh –history, job control, aliasing Restricted bourne shell –limited capabilities –Restricted user environment –rsh bash, tcsh, Korn

8. X-Windows standard un*x graphics interface developed at MIT (X11R6) window managers X apps: –xterm (a terminal emulator) –xdm (X Session Manager) –xclock (a simple clock display) –xman (displays man pages) hardware and memory req. Drivers

9. Files More general use than DOS Multiple users => protection inode # - real file id DOS files - ordinary UNIX files DOS device - UNIX special file One large directory structure links allow single file multiple names –hard links directly link to an inode –symbolic links different inode #

10. Access control Type of file Owner –rwx (4 2 1) Group –rwx Other –rwx Examples drwxr-xr-x (755) -rw-r--r-- (644)

11. Mounting Directories mount -t type device mnt-point mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /flpy-a Automatic mounting –/etc/fstab –device dir type options –/dev/sda1 /sam msdos default –/dev/sdc1 /laura msdos default –/dev/hda1 none swap sw –/dev/cdrom /sys_cd iso9660 ro

12. Example Directory structure /bin - executables /dev - device files /etc - shell scripts, data files /lib - standard program files /lost+found /tmp - storage /usr –home –src –spool

13. Pipes stdin, stdout ls -l Lots small solutions together ls - l | page (one page of files) cat old new extra | grep Austin | sort | more cat old new extra | grep Austin | sort | tee A.list | more

14. Customizing your Environment Shell scripts –Ex script file called make6337: #!/bin/sh cat hw1.cpp hw2.cpp hw3.cpp > 6337.txt wc -l 6337,txt lp 6337.txt –chmod u+x make6337 Login vs other scripts bash scripts: – /etc/profile (sysadm at login) –$HOME/.bash_profile (user at login) –$HOME/.bashrc (non-login)

15. Users & Groups /etc/passwd –username - unique user name –user ID - unique user number –group ID –password –full name –home directory –login shell username:encryptedpassword:UID:GID :full name:home directory:login shell drj2:Xv8Q981g71oKK:102:100:John Durrett:/home/drj2:/bin/bash

16. Archiving and Compressing Files tar cvf bkup.tar /etc tar xvf bkup.tar gzip -9 bkup.tar gzip -d or gunzip bkup.tar.gz tar cvf - /etc gzip -9c > bkup.tar.gz tar cvfz backup.tar.gz /etc