1. Quoting - Paraphrasing - Citing Sources “his/her words” into “my words” Technical Literature – Part II LA 100 – SOS VersionLEC-04 Althoff

2. Avoid PLAGIARISM “According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own to use (another's production) without crediting the source to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.” Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_what_is_plagiarism.htmlhttp://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_what_is_plagiarism.html i.e., Plagiarism.org (accessed 16 October 2012)

3. PLAGIARISM…con’t “All of the following are considered plagiarism: turning in someone else's work as your own copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit failing to put a quotation in quotation marks giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)” Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_what_is_plagiarism.htmlhttp://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_what_is_plagiarism.html i.e., Plagiarism.org (accessed 16 October 2012)

4. “Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing sources. Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed, and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source, is usually enough to prevent plagiarism.” Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_what_is_plagiarism.htmlhttp://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_what_is_plagiarism.html i.e., Plagiarism.org (accessed 16 October 2012)

5. “Albumen provides the chick with its only source of water and a store of amino acides to draw on for protein systhesis” Lewis 1998:6 Exact quote Albumen provides water and amino acids, needed for protein synthesis, during the development of the chick inside the egg (Lewis 1998). Paraphrased & Cited

6. “Albumen provides the chick with its only source of water and a store of amino acides to draw on for protein systhesis” Lewis 1998:6 “In the chick, the extraembryonic membranes develop from extensions of the germ layers, which spreak out over the yolk.” Mader 2007:807 Exact quote Albumen provides water and amino acids, needed for protein synthesis, during the development of the chick inside the egg and is one of the contents protected by an extraembryonic membrane (Lewis 1998, Mader 2007). Paraphrased & Cited 2 sources cited

7. 2 authors of a paper… Mammalian species typically have well-developed urinary systems that minimize water loss (Jones and Allen 1994). 3 or more authors of a paper Mammalian species typically have well-developed urinary systems that minimize water loss (Jones et al. 1994).

8. Text…with reference to Table or Fig. Ten of 12 treated eggs were viable compared to only 6 for the control group (Fig. 1). Don’t write (see Fig. 1) or (see Table 2). Don’t write “See Fig. 1 for percentage of viable eggs.” or Fig. 1. Percentage of eggs viable.

9. Fig. legend goes at the bottom of the graph, image, diagram, etc. Fig. 1. Cladogram of vertebrates with emphasis on uncertain ancestory of turtles (Pough et al. 2005).

10. Table legend goes at the top of the data and/or information

11. In summary…. Unless it is a “perfect” sentence/paragraph, in the life and physical sciences absolutely minimize the use of quotes for lab reports and technical reports. If you do quote…cite it! Use someone else’s info that is published…then you have to “cite” them in the text. Cited information should be parapharized to the maximum possible. Reference tables and figures in the text…but avoid writing for example “see Fig.1”,. Legends go at the top of Tables and the bottom of Figures.