1. Gene University, Finland. Local Group Estimation of Dark Energy & Gravitating Matter Gene Byrd 1, A.D. Chernin 2, B.P. Teerikorpi 3, C.M. Valtonen 4, V. P. Dolgachev 2, D.L. M. Domozhilova 2 1 Univ. of Alabama, 2 Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow University, Russian Federation, 3,, 4 Tuorla Observatory, Turku University, Finland. Plot by permission of Rami Rekola

2. Dark energy (DE) first detected by studying recession and distances of galaxies billions of light years) away. (21,600km/s)/1,000 million ly =216 km/s increase in recession in 10 million ly. Represent DE as uniform constant density.  v = 7.2 10 -30 g/cm 3 = A very tiny value but almost ¾ of the total density

3. Distance R from center Net acceleration=Gravity deceleration (1/R 2 ) + DE “antigravity”(R) At zero gravity radius, R v, balance. Gravity and DE antigravity balance. RRvRv MW,M31 Study dark energy via its effects in our Local Group

4. Dynamical Regions of Local Group with Dark Energy Central bound binary: MW-M31 binary as bound system (in,out). Mos Most of mass Expansion beyond R v. Dwarf galaxies moving out in a spherical static. potential.. At zero gravity, R v gravity deceleration-dark energy “antigravity” balance. R v = (3M/(8  v )) 1/3. RvRv R MW,M31 Potential plot: Binary gravitational PLUS dark energy potential.

5. HST data: Karachentsev et al. 2009

6. Use outflow region in V vs R plot to estimate Local Group gravitating mass and dark energy Small outer members flying out under LG gravity deceleration and DE acceleration. Time from the center must be ~age of universe. Find the mass and dark energy which result in observed outward velocities (Vs) at different distances (Rs).

9. Conclusions Dark energy as well as gravitating mass affects motions in groups of galaxies. Dark energy has the same accelerating effects and distance dependence at scales of millions as it does over billions of light years.

10. Path of discovery Gravity: Apple to Moon to Universe Dark energy: Universe to Local Group