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New Horizons: Plans for Nix and Hydra Leslie Young New Horizons Deputy Project Scientist 303-546-6057 (USA) For the entire team.

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Presentation on theme: "New Horizons: Plans for Nix and Hydra Leslie Young New Horizons Deputy Project Scientist 303-546-6057 (USA) For the entire team."— Presentation transcript:

1 New Horizons: Plans for Nix and Hydra Leslie Young New Horizons Deputy Project Scientist 303-546-6057 (USA) layoung@boulder.swri.edu For the entire team of Pluto Encounter Planners Cathy Olkin John Spencer Jeff Moore Hal Weaver Will Grundy Alan Stern Randy Gladstone Ivan Linscott Matt Hill Heather Elliot...

2 Pluto-system Science Goals specified by NASA or added by New Horizons

3 New Horizons trajectory Pluto-Charon 14 July 2015 KBOs 2016-2020 Jupiter System 28 Feb 2007 Launch 19 Jan 2006

4 New Horizons Pluto Encounter Geometry, 2015 July 14 0.24° Sun Earth Hydra Pluto Nix Charon New Horizons Trajectory Pluto C/A 11:50:00 13,695 km 13.78 km/s Charon C/A 12:04:00 29,432 km 13.87 km/s Pluto-Sun Occultation 12:51:28 Charon-Sun Occultation 14:17:50 Charon-Earth Occultation 14:20:09 Pluto-Earth Occultation 12:52:30 15:00 11:00 S/C trajectory time ticks: 10 min Occultation: center time Position and lighting at Pluto C/A Distance relative to body center Orbit Period a Charon 6.4 d 19,571 km Nix24.9 d48,675 km Hydra 38.2 d64,780 km 12:00 13:00 14:00 11:13:00 22,012 km 12:04:27 77,572 km The best dates for Nix and Hydra remote sensing were 2015 July 12-15.

5 NH Spacecraft & Instruments 2.1 meters Pan/color imager & IR imaging spectrometer UV spectrometer Student Dust Counter Solar Wind Detector Particle Detector High-Resolution Imager Radio Experiment

6 NH Spacecraft & Instruments 2.1 meters Pan/color imager & IR imaging spectrometer UV spectrometer Student Dust Counter Solar Wind Detector Particle Detector High-Resolution Imager Radio Experiment 1024 x 1024 pix, 5 microradian/pixel 400-975 nm 256x256 pix, 64 microradian/pixel R=240 - 560, 1.25-2.25 micron 5000xN pix, 20 microradian/pixel 4 colors, 400-975 nm 32 spatial x 1024 spectral pix, 0.3 deg/pixel, 46.5-118.1 nm

7 MVIC's color bands: color slopes and high-resolution CH4 780-975 nm 860-910 nm 400-550 nm 540-700 nm

8 LEISA's spectral range and expected species at Pluto and Charon Pluto Charon

9 Overview of Nix & Hydra observations in encounter year (2015) JulJunMayAprMarFebJan OpNav/Orbit/Photom. Color Infrared Ultraviolet Shape & Geology Phase function

10 Overview of Nix & Hydra observations in encounter year (2015) JulJunMayAprMarFebJan OpNav/Orbit/Photom. Color Infrared Ultraviolet Shape & Geology Phase function

11 Jan 25 - Mar 6 (P-170 to P-130 days), observations every 2 days Observations start after New Horizons is visible after conjunction, and end to allow a possible spin up of the spacecraft (to save fuel and thruster usage). V = 16.4 to 15.9 (Hydra), V = 16.8 to 16.3 (Nix) LORRI 4x4 mode (20 µrad pixels), 10 second exposures. Resolution = 4050 to 3100 km per binned pixel Purpose Initial confirmation of Nix and Hydra orbits Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 44 binned pixels OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: Jan 25 - Mar 6

12 OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: April 5 - May 6 April 5 - May 6 (P-100 to P-60 days), observations every 2 days Observations timed to allow a possible spin up of the spacecraft (to save fuel and thruster usage). V = 14.8 to 14.2 (Hydra), V = 15.2 to 14.6 (Nix) LORRI 4x4 mode (20 µrad pixels), 10 second exposures. Resolution = 2400 to 14300 km per binned pixel Purpose Improve Nix and Hydra orbits Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 100 binned pixels

13 OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days), observations daily Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra), V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose Improve Nix and Hydra orbits - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse Critical OpNav Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 1024 unbinned pixels

14 OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra), V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose Improve Nix and Hydra orbits - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse Critical OpNav Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 1024 unbinned pixels

15 OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra), V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose Improve Nix and Hydra orbits - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse Critical OpNav Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 2048 unbinned pixels

16 OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra), V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose Improve Nix and Hydra orbits - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse Critical OpNav Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 4096 unbinned pixels

17 OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra), V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose Improve Nix and Hydra orbits - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse Critical OpNav Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 4096 unbinned pixels

18 Shape, Geology, & Phase of Hydra June 30 - July 16 Hydra diameter = 47 - 167 km for albedo = 0.04 to 0.34. Hydra could subtend 2 pixels on June 30, for 14 days of resolved imagry. Observations are taken at least daily starting June 5. Figure shows 210 unbinned pixels Timekm/pixphase 7/13 14:275.418.9 7/13 23:163.221.5 7/14 04:561.826.8 7/14 7:401.134.1 7/14 14:450.8163.1 7/15 2:393.7169.7

19 Shape, Geology, & Phase of Nix July 2 - July 16 Nix diameter = 40 - 141 km for albedo = 0.04 to 0.34. Nix could subtend 2 pixels on July 2, for 11.5 days of resolved imagry. Observations are taken at least daily starting June 5. Figure shows 210 unbinned pixels Timekm/pixphase 7/13 14:335.114.2 7/13 23:182.913.4 7/14 04:391.611.9 7/14 8:060.88.5 7/14 10:050.3 7/14 11:180.592.2 7/14 14:530.92158.2 7/14 23:053.0162.7 7/15 02:453.9163.2

20 Shape, Geology, & Phase of Nix Effect of Ephemeris Uncertainties The highest resolution image of Nix (0.3 km/pix) is at risk because the error ellipse is much larger than the LORRI field of view. This can be helped by Nix orbit refinement in the days before closest approach, and better Pluto-barycenter ephemeredes. The error ellipse at 0.5 km/pix is much smaller than the MVIC FOV. Timekm/pixphase 7/13 14:335.114.2 7/13 23:182.913.4 7/14 04:391.611.9 7/14 8:060.88.5 7/14 10:050.333.3 7/14 11:180.592.2 7/14 14:530.92158.2 7/14 23:053.0162.7 7/15 02:453.9163.2

21 Summary of Observations New Horizons plan for Nix and Hydra NixHydra Panchromatic0.29 km/pixel possible 0.46 km/pixel 0.77 km/pixel backup 1.14 km/pixel 1.80 km/pixel backup Color1.98 km/pixel 3.11 km/pixel backup 4.60 km/pixel 7.26 km/pixel backup Infrared3.60 km/pixel 9.93 km/pixel backup 14.64 km/pixel 22.83 km/pixel backup Ultraviolet25 minutes, filling 1/8 of the slot30 seconds, filling 1/7 of the slot PhasesIncoming asymptote (14.8), plus 6.5, 8.5, 10.5, 11.9, 13.4, 14.2, 15.8, 33.3, 92.2, 158.2, 162.7, 163.2 Incoming asymptote (14.8), plus 15.8, 18.9, 21.5, 26.8, 34.1, 163.1, 169.8 Orbits120 days, spanning 170 days (6.8 orbits) 120 days, spanning 170 days (4.4 orbits)

22 Observations New Horizons won't make of Nix and Hydra Orbit and lightcurve measurements spanning several years Direct thermal measurements (although H 2 O may give surface temperatures) Color measurements over more than 3-25 days IR measurements over more than 1-5 days UV occultations

23 For more information APL's New Horizons site: http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/ Boulder/SwRI New Horizons site: http://www.boulder.swri.edu/pkb/ NASA's New Horizons site: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/ Various, Space Science Reviews 2008, volume 140 Young and Stern 2009. Icy Bodies of the Solar System (IAU S263), To get involved Contact Co-I's or instrument teams (see http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/team.php) New data or modeling can affect choices of "retargetables," with these decisions being finalized in early 2013. Participating Scientist Programs in 2015 will introduce new members into the team All data is archived in NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) Data Analysis Programs fund analysis of spacecraft data.

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