1. What Does the Future Hold for Advanced Technologies?
John German
American Honda Motor Co., Inc.
Advanced Powertrain Forum
August 5, 2005
I will start off discussing Honda’s commitment to bringing environmental technologies and products to market. Then I’ll switch to discussing drivers for and barriers to bringing these products to market. Hopefully, this will help to illustrate the complexity of the climate change and transportation issue.
As usual, I have way too many slides, so hang on.

2. 3 Issues for the Future Automobile:
Energy Supply & Demand
Sustainability
Climate Change
But going forward, what are the key “green issues” facing our industry? Clearly, they are:
- the Sustainability of Energy (both supply and demand)
- Climate Change concerns
- and Urban Air Quality
Urban Air Quality

3. Transportation’s Social Issues
Key Issues
Energy
Sustainability
Social Concerns
Climate Change
Air Pollution
These three issues are not static, but will change over time, with Air Pollution becoming less of a concern, and the issues of climate change and energy sustainability increasing in terms of social priorities.

4. Honda is Committed to Clean and Efficient Gasoline Vehicles
Technically advanced F.E. leading models in the market
Popular mass-market models with continual efficiency improvement
Highest CAFE of major OEMs
Honda is committed to contributing to mitigation of GHG emissions through technology progress.
Honda believes it is our responsibility to develop and offer efficient products in the market. We have been doing this and will continue to do so.
While our commitment is perhaps most visable with our hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles, it also extends to introducing emission and fuel effiient technology across all of our products.

5. Honda’s Environmental Leadership
1975 Civic CVCC 1st to meet ’70’s Clean Air Act,
without a catalyst
1986 Civic CRX-HF 1st to top 50-mpg mark
1990 VTEC engine introduced
Honda’s history of environmental vehicles has involved focusing our investment and efforts on those technologies we believed have high real world potential.
These efforts have yielded results, and valuable lessons.
Seemingly-incompatible achievement of --
1. Strong performance 2. Low emissions 3. High fuel economy

6. Honda’s Power Train Roadmap
FCV
Hydrogen fueled FCV
Alternative Fuel Vehicle +
Improvement of ICE
Efficiency / CO2 Reduction
Honda continues to work on improving fuel economy by advancing gasoline engine technologies. One example is Honda’s application of variable valve timing, or VTEC, which we started in We introduced our first hybrid vehicle, the Insight, in 1999, equipped with Honda’s unique Integrated Motor Assist system, called “IMA”, and have adapted the system to the Civic and the Accord V6.
Starting in 2002, we introduced a new generation of gasoline engines, the i-VTEC series, which adds cam phasing and DOHC.
Simultaneously, we have continued development of CNG and fuel cell technologies
I. C. Engine
Technologies
Accord
I M A
Civic
IMA
I M A
Integrated Motor Assist
CNG
INSIGHT
i-DSI
C V T
i-VTEC
VTEC-E
1990
2000
2010
2020

7. Honda’s Building Blocks for the Future
CNG
Future Building Blocks
Working with Government
Understanding Fleet Customers
Infrastructure Challenges
Gaseous Fuel know-how
PURE ELECTRIC
Future Building Blocks
EV know-how
Infrastructure Issues
Home Refueling
Customer Habits
Honda’s approach to vehicle technology and alternative fuels is based on establishing fundamentals we can build on for future transportation options.
The super clean gasoline vehicles promote catalyst know-how, and will help assure healthy air quality goals are met in the near term,
(Press ENTER – this is a slide which builds)
The battery EV development has promoted electric component know-how, and the value of home refueling.
Natural gas vehicles promote gaseous fuel know-how and offer a clean and economical alternative to petroleum.
CLEAN GASOLINE
Future Building Block
LEV, ULEV, SULEV Leadership
Infrastructure is perfect
Reasonable cost
Catalyst technology

8. Honda’s Building Blocks for the Future
CNG
HOME REFUELED AFV
Combines CNG with BEV attributes:
Home Refueling
As Clean as a BEV
Lower Cost potential
Future Building Block:
Potential Infrastructure Solution
Gaseous Fuel know-how
PURE ELECTRIC
Combines BEV with ULEV
Infrastructure is perfect
Cost is affordable
Good Customer Acceptance
Future Building Block:
Electric Energy Mgmt & Safety...
GASOLINE-ELECTRIC HYBRIDS
Some of the positive learnings from EVs and CNG combine to enable home refueling of Natural Gas Vehicles, as a way to expand the practical use of AFVs to the consumer market.
(press ENTER – this is a slide which builds)
And, combining the technology of our efficient gasoline vehicles with EV know-how has enabled the super-clean, super efficient hybrids now offered.
CLEAN GASOLINE

9. GASOLINE-ELECTRIC HYBRIDS
Honda’s Future Dream
CNG
HOME REFUELED AFV
FUEL CELL VEHICLES
PURE ELECTRIC
GASOLINE-ELECTRIC HYBRIDS
Built on Core Honda Technologies:
EV and HEV vehicle know-how
Gaseous Fuel know-how
Catalyst know-how
Infrastructure innovation
Technology innovation (Ultra-Cap)
The experience with home refueled AFVs and with Hybrid technology helps provide the practical know-how that can help us succeed with fuel cell vehicles and a hydrogen infrastructure in the long term.
It is the steps we take today, that move us most effectively down the road of sustainable transportation.
CLEAN GASOLINE

10. Conventional Technology

11. Honda VTEC Combustion:
(Variable valve Timing and lift, Electronically Controlled)
HIGHER EFFICIENCY
LOWER EMISSIONS
GREATER PERFORMANCE
Application %
50%
One of the effective technologies for improving combustion is variable valve control. Honda calls it “VTEC”. This can help promote stable, lean operation during cold engine operation before the catalyst is active to reduce emissions. It also can be used to reduce fuel consumption through increased fuel efficiency.
It is now applied to most of our power plants, including our larger trucks such as the 7-passenger, 260 horsepower Acura MDX Sport Utility Vehicle. This vehicle is already meeting EPA’s future Tier 2 bin 5 standard. That makes it the cleanest gasoline truck in the world.
‘91
‘95
‘03

12. Variable Cylinder Management
Accel
6 Cylinder operation
Cruise
3 Cylinder operation
This chart shows a typical pattern of the speed, acceleration, and deceleration of a vehicle running. We roughly assumed that the vehicle would run in this red region with three cylinders, and in the other regions with six cylinders.
Decel
Vehicle speed

13. Honda Announced Improvements
2006 Civic VTEC
Delays intake valve closure timing during cruising and other low-load conditions
Throttle-by-wire used for larger throttle opening and a major reduction in pumping loss
Switches valve timing for excellent acceleration
Advanced VTEC
Continuously variable intake valve timing and lift
+ 13% efficiency (vs i-VTEC engine
Advanced VCM
Increased flexibility to expand range of driving conditions
Improved active control engine mounts
+ 11% efficiency (vs Honda V-6 engine)

14. Transmission Advances
Computer controls are enabling a variety of improved transmission designs
Dual-clutch automated manual
Smooth shifting and potentially cheaper
But launch concerns (no torque converter), huge investment
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
Excellent city efficiency and extremely smooth
Can deliver steady-state engine speeds to facilitate HCCI
But torque limited, highway efficiency lower (belt friction), huge investment
Improved shift points and lock-up strategies
Low investment
Lapillier 6-speed automatic
Not yet clear which is most cost-effective – all may co-exist

15. Incremental FE Technology
Engine technology
High specific output
(including 4 valve/cylinder)
Variable valve timing/lift
Cylinder deactivation
Direct injection
Precise air/fuel metering
Transmission efficiency
5/6 speed-AT/6-speed MT
CVT
Dual-clutch automated MT
Reduced losses
Lightweight materials
Low drag coefficient
Low resistance tires
Lower accessory losses
Cost and value issue
These technologies are continuously being incorporated into vehicles.
However, consumers value other attributes more highly, such as performance, safety, utility, and luxury.
Putting in technologies just to improve fuel economy may not be valued by customers.
Fuel Economy Improvement - ???
Depends on how much is already incorporated into fleet and synergies (or lack of synergy) between technologies

16. Worldwide Fuel Control
On a systems basis, good fuel is needed to enable many technologies
Growing countries, such as India and China, need to improve fuel quality
Sulfur
Heavy metals
Aromatics
Deposit additives
etc

17. Diesels