1. Alexey Gusev, Victor Shatalov, Olga Rozovskaya
UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
Long-range transport and fate of POPs on global scale and within the EMEP region
Alexey Gusev, Victor Shatalov, Olga Rozovskaya
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East of EMEP

2. Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP)
EMEP is scientifically based and policy driven instrument for international cooperation to solve transboundary air pollution problems
Main activities of EMEP/MSC-E:
Assessment of HM and POP pollution levels and transboundary transport in the EMEP domain
Estimation of intercontinental transport and global levels of pollution
Evaluation of long-term changes in the pollution levels
Integrated analysis and assessment of pollution levels using monitoring, emissions and modelling
EMEP domain
EMEP
Global

3. Integrated approach to study POP pollution
Integrated approach – combined analysis of measurements, emissions and modelling results to evaluate spatial and temporal variations of POP polluition
Emissions for modelling
Official emissions of EMEP countries
Expert estimates of emissions for PCBs, PCDD/Fs, HCB
PCDD/F emissions to air
Measurements
EMEP database
UNEP SC GMP data warehouse
Modelling
Global EMEP Multi-media Modelling System (GLEMOS)
Measurement sites (GMP Data Warehouse)

4. Global EMEP Multi-media Modelling System (GLEMOS)
GLEMOS features:
Eulerian 3D chemistry transport model
Multi-pollutant (heavy metals, POPs, aerosol, …)
Multi-media formulation (atmosphere, soil, seawater, vegetation, …)
Multi-scale consistent approach (from global to local)
POPs considered – PCDD/Fs, PAHs, PCBs, HCB
GLEMOS general scheme
Anthropogenic
emissions
Atmosphere
Land
Ocean
Human & environment
exposure (CCE)
Meteorology,
ocean data
Geophysics
Atmospheric
deposition
Concentration
in media

5. Global distribution of PCB pollution
Analysis of modelled and measured PCB-153 air concentrations (UNEP GMP passive sampling data for )
Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
Western Europe and others (WEOG) F2 F5
Modelled and observed PCB-153 in air (2012)
Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC)
Africa
Asia-Pacific

6. Global distribution of PCB pollution
Analysis of modelled and measured PCB-153 air concentrations (UNEP GMP passive sampling data for )
Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
Western Europe and others (WEOG) F2 F5
Modelled and observed PCB-153 in air (2012)
Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC)
Africa
Asia-Pacific
Underestimation in Africa can be due to unaccounted PCB emission sources like e.g. e-waste disposal (Gioia et al., 2008,2011; Breivik et al., 2014)

7. Long-term changes of PCB pollution levels
Decline of mean PCB-153 air concentrations in different regions from 1990 to 2012 (based on modelling results)
UN regional groups
Absolute values
Western Europe
North America
WEOG
GRULAC
Africa
CEE
Asia
Relative values
CEE
Lowest decline – CEE (~70%)
North America
Largest decline – North America (~85%)

8. Long-term changes of PCB pollution levels
Modelled and observed mean PCB-153 air concentrations at monitoring sites in Europe ( )
Pallas (Finland)
UN regional groups
Aspvreten (Sweden)
PCB-153 in air, pg/m3
Rorvik/Rao (Sweden)
WEOG
GRULAC
Africa
CEE
Asia
Kosetice (Czech Rep.)

9. Evaluation of global PCDD/F pollution levels
Construction of experimental emission scenario based on the data of the UNEP SC
Model evaluation of pollution and comparison with measurements (UNEP GMP and other data)
Annual PCDD/F emission to air
Modelled and observed PCDD/F air concentrations (2012)
Experimental modelling with global emissions based on the UNEP SC inventory of PCDD/F releases provided reasonable agreement between model predictions and measurements
(Schuster et al., 2015,. ES&T; Gusev et al., 2014, Org. Comp.)

10. Concluding remarks
Integrated approach, combining emissions inventories, models and measurement data, is a valuable framework for quantifying environmental contamination by POPs
EMEP is now expanding its scope to the global scale to correspond global distribution of POP contamination, and to communicate with research community
Closer cooperation between UNEP SC, AMAP, and EMEP will help to refine understanding and evaluation of POP transport and fate