1. Managing Bats in Buildings The NPS Perspective Jeremy Moss Tumacácori National Historical Park E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

2. Bats in NPS Buildings Variety of NPS structures that may have bats Variety of NPS structures that may have bats Modern Modern Offices, housing (employee, visitor), storage Offices, housing (employee, visitor), storage Historic Buildings and Structures (often includes Visitor Centers and other facilities/public areas, bridges, etc) Historic Buildings and Structures (often includes Visitor Centers and other facilities/public areas, bridges, etc) E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

3. Archaeological Sites (adobe and stone masonry structures) Archaeological Sites (adobe and stone masonry structures) Shelters covering archaeological sites Shelters covering archaeological sites E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

4. Casa Grande National Monument, AZ

5. Deciding whether to exclude from NPS buildings Deciding whether to exclude from NPS buildings risk assessment, decision tree risk assessment, decision tree need to know species and type need to know species and type of use Other options Other options e.g. close buildings during roosting season, repurpose/adapt buildings, etc. e.g. close buildings during roosting season, repurpose/adapt buildings, etc. E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

6. Exclusion Techniques-NPS Exclusion considerations and techniques for historical/cultural/archaeological structures: Exclusion considerations and techniques for historical/cultural/archaeological structures: - Locating and removing openings. If already being used timing is key to avoid impacts to species/interactions. - Use of bird netting to remove potential roosting locations and temporarily cover existing holes being used as entry points. E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

7. - Assessment of surfaces (bats like rough surfaces they can hang on to) (bats like rough surfaces they can hang on to) - Survey to identify species (behavior can differ) - T&E present? E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

8. Exclusion Techniques-NPS E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A Example of exclusion of bats using gap in doorway

9. Exclusion Techniques-NPS E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A Removal/exclusion from attic, netting is loose on bottom end allowing bats to leave but not re-enter

10. E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A Consider the surfaces where bats roost and plan ahead Rough Smooth

11. E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A Netting may work in some places but not all

12. E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

13. Exclusion Techniques-NPS E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

14. Closure is sometimes warranted

15. Exclusion at archaeological sites Difference between open air and closed air sites (sites under shelters or in caves) Difference between open air and closed air sites (sites under shelters or in caves) Many of the same solutions for buildings apply but there must be consideration of impacts Many of the same solutions for buildings apply but there must be consideration of impacts Pallid bat at Tumacacori

16. Reverse-ability without damaging the site is key Reverse-ability without damaging the site is key Need to consider how gaps are filled using exclusion materials (adhesives can be very damaging to walls) Need to consider how gaps are filled using exclusion materials (adhesives can be very damaging to walls) Must have a good understanding of materials comprising sites to understand impacts and determine if there is a need for exclusion (some buildings made of stone masonry may not be impacted by bat use) Must have a good understanding of materials comprising sites to understand impacts and determine if there is a need for exclusion (some buildings made of stone masonry may not be impacted by bat use) E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

17. Exclusion at archaeological sites and NHPA compliance Should consider how exclusion techniques will effect historic integrity, condition, and general setting or feel of the site. Should consider how exclusion techniques will effect historic integrity, condition, and general setting or feel of the site. If exclusion is selected as an option consultation with State Historic Preservation Office and affiliated tribal governments is needed if resource is listed or is a potential eligible historic property (NRHP, NHL). If exclusion is selected as an option consultation with State Historic Preservation Office and affiliated tribal governments is needed if resource is listed or is a potential eligible historic property (NRHP, NHL). E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

18. Exclusion and NEPA When to look for bats if construction planned (depends on where your at but, especially during summer.) When to look for bats if construction planned (depends on where your at but, especially during summer.) NEPA compliance is needed NEPA compliance is needed Planned (know bats are there) Planned (know bats are there) Unplanned (discover bats during process) Unplanned (discover bats during process) STOP! Re-assess project. STOP! Re-assess project. Environmental Screening Form Environmental Screening Form E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

19. Other Considerations Monitoring exclusion results Monitoring exclusion results - bats may stay, but find another spot - bats may stay, but find another spot Bat houses and NPS policy Bat houses and NPS policy - health and safety issues - health and safety issues T & E considerations - time of year - possibility of young (avoid) - consultation required E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

20. Conclusions Plan ahead Plan ahead Iterative process/adaptive management Iterative process/adaptive management Know where to go for help Know where to go for help Educate all park Divisions on proper responses, who to contact (safety first but balanced) Educate all park Divisions on proper responses, who to contact (safety first but balanced) Identify and mitigate risks before attempted exclusion Identify and mitigate risks before attempted exclusion In some cases tolerance may be warranted In some cases tolerance may be warranted Staff and public education is key Staff and public education is key Remember bats are beneficial and exclusion should attempt to consider effects on populations Remember bats are beneficial and exclusion should attempt to consider effects on populations E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

21. Thanks!

22. Photo credits Photos of bats taken by NPS and Karen Krebbs during bat inventory project working with Arizona- Sonoran Desert Museum (CESU) Photos of bats taken by NPS and Karen Krebbs during bat inventory project working with Arizona- Sonoran Desert Museum (CESU) All other photos taken by NPS (Tumacacori NHP and Casa Grande NM, Arizona) All other photos taken by NPS (Tumacacori NHP and Casa Grande NM, Arizona) E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A