1. Theme Agriculture

2. Agricultural Systems The SahelSouthern California San Francisco San Diego

3. Source: www.pbs.org http://www.ibe.unesco.org/ The Sahel Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Gambia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sudan

4. The Sahel -- Encyclopedia Britannica Arabic Sa hil, semiarid region of western and north- central Africa extending from Senegal eastward to The Sudan. It forms a transitional zone between the arid Sahara (desert) to the north and the belt of humid savannas to the south.

5. Source: www.fao.org Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad

6. The SahelSouthern California Less developedMore developed Nomadic herdingIrrigation farming Self subsistence farmingCommercial farming Famine Well-known food exporter Similar physical inputs

7. Physical inputs Dry climates High solar energy Low rainfall 200-600mm Infertile soil Drought

8. Cultural inputs The SahelSouthern California CapitalLowHigh Labour (education level) LowHigh Technology Low High Governance Poor Efficient Market Small + Local Large + Overseas

9. Technology The SahelSouthern California Simple, low cost, manualAdvanced, high cost, mechanical Dig wellsBuild dams, canals, reservoirs, drainage systems Plant treeSatellite Eco-friendly fertilizersChemical fertilizers

10. Outcome The SahelSouthern California Depends on international aids Gain more than US$2 billion a year

11. Technology The SahelSouthern California OvergrazingIncreasing arable land OvercultivationLarge scale construction  Deforestation  Loss of natural habitats  Desertification  Pollution Sustainable agriculture

12. Technology Advantages  productivity  quality  variety  health  production cost Disadvantages  pollution  habitats  biodiversity deforestation desertification  ecosystem Livelihood + Economy  Livelihood + Economy 