1. The Progressive Era
Ch. 21.1

2. Progressives Progressives- Reformers What were they trying to reform?
Cities
Government
Business

3. Political Machine Powerful organizations linked to political parties
Political Boss: a machine representative who controlled jobs and services in a particular city

4. Made money by: William M. Tweed
Accepting bribes from tenement landlords
Campaign contributions from contractors
Illegal payments from companies doing business with the city
William M. Tweed
Controlled New York City’s police, courts, and newspapers

5. William M. Tweed

6. Fighting the Spoils System
Spoils System: Political supporters were rewarded with jobs and favors
The Pendleton Act (1883)
Established the Civil Service Commission
Federal workers had to demonstrate their skills and competency before being given jobs

7. Controlling Business Railroads had formed an oligopoly
Oligopoly: A few large companies controlled prices for the entire industry
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Requires railroads to charge and publish “reasonable and just” rates

8. Muckrakers Reporters who “raked” (exposed) the “muck” (dirt)
These reporters would write stories that alerted people about problems
Political bosses (Lincoln Steffens)
Meatpacking industry (Upton Sinclair)

10. The 17th Amendment
1913
Senators are now directly elected by the people of their state rather than by state legislatures

11. Women and Progressives
Ch 21.2

12. Women’s Role People move from farms to cities Families become smaller
Less children are needed to help the family survive
Why?
Families become smaller
Children spent more time at school
Technology made housework easier
Women begin to pursue higher education
1910: 40% of college students are women

13. Professional Women Most professional women worked as: Teachers Nurses
Medicine

14. Women’s Suffrage Suffrage: Right to vote
Not everyone wanted women to vote
Upset society’s natural balance
Lead to divorce
Neglect of children

17. Alice Paul

18. 19th Amendment 1920 Women are granted the right to vote
Some states had already allowed women to vote prior to this:
Wyoming (1890) Colorado (1893) Utah, Idaho (1896) Washington (1910) California (1911) Arizona, Kansas, Oregon (1912) Montana, Nevada (1914) New York (1917) Michigan, Oklahoma, South Dakota (1918)

19. The Temperance Crusade
Urged individuals to stop drinking
Began in 1874
Prohibition: Ban the making or selling of alcohol

20. The 18th Amendment 1919 The Prohibition Law 1933
Illegal to make, transport, or sell alcohol in the U.S.
1933
21st Amendment: Repealed the 18th Amendment and ended the ban on alcohol