1. Nancy Bayley 1899 - 1994

2. History & Zeitgeist

3. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley ► September 28, 1899 ► September 28, 1899-- Nancy Bayley born   1916-- Congress   1917-- Picketing for suffrage   1920-- 19th Amendment; League of Women Voters

4. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley ► 1922-- B.S. University of Washington   1923-- Equal Rights Amendment proposed ► 1924-- M.S. in psychology University of Washington   1925-- First woman governor ► 1926-- Ph.D., University of Iowa & Instructor, University of Wyoming  1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet

5. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Career ► ► 1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet ► ► 1941-1945-- WW II ► ► 1942-- Women in military ► ► 1954-- NIMH ► ► 1963-- Equal Pay Act ► ► 1963-- Feminist movement ► ► 1964-- Civil Rights Act

6. Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Career ► 1966: Distinguished Scientific Contribution ► ► 1966-- NOW ► ► 1971-- APA Stanley Hall Award ► ► 1972-- Title IX ► ► 1972-- Equal Rights Amendment ► ► 1973-- Row v. Wade ► ► 1981-- Supreme Court ► 1982-- APF Gold Medal ► ► 1993-- Attorney General ► ► 1993-- Sexual Harassment ► 1994-- Nancy Bayley Dies

7. Professional Obstacles

8. Early 20th century for women  1903- Women’s Trade Union League  1920- Woman Suffrage, 19th Amendment.  1941-1945, WWII  1964- Civil Rights Act

9. Nancy Bayley, Early on ► Did not start school until she was 8 ► Made up two years by age 10 ► Completed schooling quickly

10. The 20th century for women in academia  Salary: Men > Women across the board  Major universities 1960: 6.6% women, 2.6% full professorships  Tenured positions: Men > Women  Women typically clustered at the lower ranks

11. Women in academia, cont  Degrees earned, slight + trend from 1900 to 1971  Employment status of PhD’s 1960-1973

12. Struggles, cont.  hugely successful  lived through a time of change for women  apparently unaffected  awards, accomplishments

13. Experiments and Research

14. Berkeley Growth Study ► Factors that do not influence IQ ► Health ► Sex ► Nursery school attendance ► Birth order ► Only child ► Divorced parents ► Shy children

15. Berkeley Growth Study ► Followed development through adulthood ► Mental growth stabilizes ≈ 4 years

16. Bayley Scales of Infant Development ► Assesses development between 1 month to 3.5 years ► Mental, Motor, and Behavior Rating Scales ► Standard for infant assessment ► Standardization sample of 1400 infants

17. Bayley Scales of Infant Development ► Reliability  First year.63-.93 split half  First year >.55 test-retest ► Good Validity

18. Strengths and Weaknesses

19. Strengths ► Measurement & Ethics  Naturalistic observation  Did not rely on one testing session  Concerned with welfare of participants ► Bayley scales can be used with Normal, High risk, and MR infants

20. Weaknesses ► No adult scales ► Weak for lower preschool age ► IQ not highly predictive before age 4

21. Influences

22. Physical Development ► Predicting adult size from infant size  Sex, height, skeletal age, & velocity of growth  Accurate within 1-inch  Height chart still in use

23. Motor & Mental Development ► 1940 - Rapid growth in infancy due to  Nervous system growth  Stronger muscles  Change in body proportions ► These ideas were proven in 1980’s

24. Bayley Scales of Infant Development