4. Fairness Moral Principles legal guarantees conduct affairs without government interference truth social claim

9. What are Human Rights?

10. Human rights belong to all people regardless of their sex, race, color, language, national origin, age, class, religion, or political beliefs They are universal, inalienable, indivisible, and interdependent People have the right to receive equal treatment, to be free from prohibited discrimination and harassment, and to have access to places, services, opportunities

11.  Human Rights are the same as civil rights.  Human Rights violations occur only in poor, foreign countries.  Human Rights are only concerned with violations.  Only adults and lawyers can understand the significance of Human Rights.  Human Rights are only legal rights.

12. RIGHTS – moral power to hold (rights to life, nationality, own property, rest and leisure), to do (rights to marry, peaceful assembly, run for public office, education), to omit (freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment, freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention or exile) or to exact something (equal protection of the law, equal access to public service, equal pay for equal work) HUMAN RIGHTS coined by Eleanor Roosevelt to replace Rights of Man NATURE – Human rights are more than legal concepts: they are the essence of man. They are what make man human. That is why they are called human rights; deny them and you deny man’s humanity (Jose Diokno) HUMAN RIGHTS

13.  Civil – the right to be treated as an equal to anyone else in society  Political – the right to vote, to freedom of speech and to obtain information  Economic – the right to participate in an economy that benefits all; and to desirable work  Social – the right to education, health care, food, clothing, shelter and social security  Cultural – the right to freedom of religion, and to speak the language, and to practice the culture of one’s choice

14. Religious The right to free religion HUMAN RIGHTS Economical Equal opportunities at work place Social welfare Political The right to vote Personal The right to privacy

15.  Life  Belief in own religion  Opinion  Free speech  Non-discrimination according to sex  Marry  Race  Cultural background

16.  Vote in elections  Freely form or join political parties  Live in an independent country  Stand for public office  Freely disagree with views and policies of political leaders

17.  Jobs  Work without exploitation  Fair wage  Safe working conditions  Form trade unions  Have adequate food  Protection against labor malpractices

18.  Housing  Education  Health services  Recreation facilities  Clean environment  Social security

19.  Use own language  Develop cultural activities  Ancestral domains  Develop own kind of schooling

20. Universality:  The character or state of being universal; existence or prevalence everywhere meaning universal inclusiveness in scope or range and relation, extension, or applicability to all Inalienable Rights:  Entitlements that are guaranteed and cannot be surrendered or transferred to another, for example, equality and liberty

21. Indivisible:  Not divisible; not separable into parts; incapable of being divided: one nation indivisible. Interdependent:  Mutually dependent; depending on each other. Prohibited:  To forbid by authority; to prevent; preclude.

23.  What is considered prohibited varies from province to province  Usually includes protection from discrimination against race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, mental or physical disability, and family or marital status

24. History

25.  1750 B.C.E. - Code of Hammurabi, Babylonia  1200 - 300 B.C.E. - Old Testament  551 - 479 B.C.E. - Analects of Confucius  40 - 100 C.E. - New Testament  644 - 656 C.E. - Koran (original text)  1215 - Magna Carta, England  1400 - Code of Nezahualcoyotl, Aztec  1648 - Treaty of Westphalia, Europe  1689 - English Bill of Rights, England  1776 - Declaration of Independence, United States  1787 - United States Constitution  1789 - French Declaration on the Rights of Man and the Citizen, France  1791 -United States Bill of Rights

26.  Philosopher  Born August 29, 1632  Studied at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford  Single  Wrote Two Treatises of Government Photo from iep.utm.edu Snapshot DOB: August 1632 DOD: October 1704 From: England Networks: Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford, Royal Society Ideas Impact Info

27. “ ” Locke had multiple ideas that influenced the Founders: Ideas Natural Rights/Law Social Contract

28.  John Locke believed all humans have natural rights, those being: Life Liberty Property  He believed all people have these rights just because they are human beings.

29. Natural law is… A higher, unchanging set of rules that govern human relations NATURAL LAW Click on the picture below to learn more about natural law and natural/human rights.

30.  Locke proposed that in order to keep our natural rights, the people must engage in a social contract The people agree to create and live under a government and obey its laws. They also must give that government the power to make and enforce laws. In return, the people gain the protection of the government Go To Natural Rights/Law

31. Impact According to Locke, the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of individuals The Founders agreed and included these natural rights and social contract in the Declaration of Independence. The Founders also included the idea of social contract in the first three words of the Preamble to the United States Constitution… …that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed… The Constitution also limits the powers of government to protect the rights of the people.

32.  1863 -Emancipation Proclamation, United States  1864, 1949 -Geneva Conventions, International Red Cross  1919 -League of Nations Covenant - International Labor Organization (ILO) Created  1920 -Women gain the right to vote in the U.S.  1926 -Slavery Convention  1945 -United Nations Charter, San Francisco  1947 -Mohandas Gandhi uses non-violent protests leading India to independence. 19th and 20th century human rights documents and foundations

34. 1946: Commission of Human Rights formed 1947: Drafting of declaration begins 1948: Lengthy and often divisive deliberations 12-10-1948: UN General Assembly adopts UDHR

35. 48 in favor (incl. Brazil, China, Cuba, Ethiopia, France, India, Iran, USA). 8 abstained (Belarus, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ukraine, USSR, Yugoslavia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa) 2 absent (Honduras, Yemen)

36. Belarus, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Yugoslavia Opposed interference with sovereignty of nations Saudi ArabiaSome articles contradict Q’ran (Koran): freedom to change religion and certain gender and marriage rights South AfricaRight to racial equality interfered with apartheid

37.  Adopted by the UN in 1948 as a direct result of the experiences of World War II  Represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are entitled  Printed in over 375 languages and dialects – it is the most translated document in the World  Canadian John Peters Humphrey was the principle drafter of the document

38. International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights International Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights