1. ART ELEMENTS
and
ART PRINCIPLES

3. *What are the five major kinds of LINES ?
??? Questions to Consider ???
Part I.:
*What are the five major kinds of LINES ?
*What are the two basic categories of SHAPE ?FORM?
*How does SHAPE and FORM differ?
*What are COLOR FAMILIES or GROUPS?
*What are the three properties of COLOR?
*What are the two kinds of TEXTURE?
*What is VALUE?
*How do artists show SPACE in their artworks?

4. Line is a point set into motion….a dot moving through space.
There are five basic kinds of lines.These include:
Horizontal=
Vertical =
Diagonal =
Zigzag =
Curved =

5. When used in an artwork LINES can relate Feelings…………
VERTICAL LINES show dignity , strength , and formality
HORIZONTAL LINES feel calm, relaxed, and
comfortable.
DIAGONAL LINES show action and excitement!
They can make us feel tense and
uncomfortable!
ZIGZAG LINES can suggest action, nervous
excitement, and confusion.
CURVED LINES express graceful, flowing
movement.

6. Viewing the above artworks, you can see how artists incorporate
Grant Wood
Salvador Dali
Georgia O'Keefe
Piet Mondrian
Viewing the above artworks, you can see how artists incorporate
Lines into their art !

7. Shape Shape is the area set off by one or more of the art elements.
Shapes can be classified into two classes:
*Geometric shapes = precise shapes such as the circle ,
triangle
, rectangle, oval, and square.
*Organic shapes = these shapes are not regular or even…and are
Often found in nature.

8. In Georgia O’Keeffe’s and Piet Mondrian’s works we can
See the two basic kinds of shapes.

9. Form width depth length Form is an object with three dimensions.
In drawing, it is creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
width
depth
Two-dimensional
length
Three-dimensional

10. We can see in the following works how the artists relate FORM:
Michelangelo
Cassatt
Dali
vanGogh
Dali

11. Color

12. The Basic Color Wheel Primary Colors Secondary Colors
Intermediate Color

13. Primary Colors
Primary colors are the original colors. These cannot be made by mixing any other colors.
They are the building block colors from which all other colors originate.
The three primary colors are:
Red
Yellow
Blue

14. Artists’ Use of Primary Color
Auguste Renoir
Edward Hopper
Piet Mondrian

15. Secondary Colors
Secondary Colors are colors created by mixing equal amounts primary of two colors.
For example:
Red + Yellow = Orange
Yellow + Blue = Green
Blue + Red = Violet

16. Artists Use of Secondary Color
Auguste Renoir
Vincent van Gogh

17. Intermediate Colors
Intermediate colors (also known as tertiary colors) are colors created by mixing
a primary color with its’ neighboring secondary color. For example:
Primary Red + Secondary Orange = Red Orange / Orange Red
Primary Blue + Secondary Violet = Blue Violet / Violet Blue
Primary Yellow + Secondary Green = Green Yellow / Yellow Green

18. Intermediate Colors Primary Color Intermediate Color Secondary Color

19. Warm Colors
Warm Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main warm colors are:
Red Orange Yellow
Warm colors suggest energy, action, and normally optically advance!

20. Artists Use of Warm Colors
Cezanne
Rothko
Munch
Van Gogh

21. Cool Colors
Cool Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main cool colors are:
Blue Green Violet
Cool colors suggest calmness and peacefulness.
Optically, they tend to recede.

22. Artists Use of Cool Colors
Georges Seurat
Henri Matisse
Mary Cassatt
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh

23. Analogous Colors
Analogous Colors are colors neighboring on the color wheel having a common “hue”. Examples would be:
Red
Red Violet
Violet Red
Violet
Violet Blue
Blue Violet
Blue
Blue Green
Green Blue
Green
Green yellow
Yellow Green
Yellow
Yellow Orange
Orange Yellow
Orange
Orange Red
Red Orange

24. Analogous Colors

25. Color Shades
The SHADE of a color is changed by adding Black.

26. Color Tints
Color Tints are changed by adding white. The exception to this would be by watercolorists -who add water!

27. Texture Texture is how something feels or looks like
it feels.We experience texture thru our senses
of sight and touch
There are three basic kinds of Textures. These are:
*Natural or actual…
Is what you experience when you actually touch an object.
Porcupines would be sharp..feathers could be soft.
*Artificial = Man made …like rope, yarn, netting
*Simulated = Man made to look like it has a texture.

28. In these works, we can see how the artist relates Textures….
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh

29. Value Value Value Value Value is the lightness or darkness of
A hue. To change the value of a color
You add white (or water in watercolors)
to change its TINT and Black to change
its shade.
Monochromatic means the same thing..
Value
Value
Value

30. Space Space is the distance or area between,
around, below, and within things.
*There are two basic kinds of Space : positive and negative.
Positive space is the object itself;
Negative space is the area in and around the object.
negative
positive
negative

31. Look at these images by
Mary Cassatt and distinguish
between the positive space
and the negative space!

32. 1.= Overlapping 2.= Size 3.= Focus 4.= Placement
Space……………………
Artists use various technique to give the illusion of DEPTH in their
works of art. Some of these include :
1.= Overlapping
2.= Size
3.= Focus
4.= Placement
5.= Intensity and Value
6.= Linear Perspective
Lets take a look at some of these……………..

33. 1.OVERLAPPING is when the artist has one shape in front of the other.
Space……………
1.OVERLAPPING is when the artist has one shape in front of the other.
In this image by Mary Cassatt, the girl in the foreground is “overlapping” the girl looking thru the binoculars.

34. SIZE = is making distant shapes smaller than closer ones.
SPACE………………………………
SIZE = is making distant shapes smaller than closer ones.
Monet’s boats in the background are smaller than the ones in the foreground

35. FOCUS = Artists add more detail to objects in the foreground,
less detail to objects in the background.
Vincent van Gogh’s Irises are more distinct in the foreground than the background.

36. PLACEMENT: Artists also show space by placing distant objects
Higher up on the picture (background) and closer ones lower down on the
picture ( middle ground and foreground).
Background
Middle ground
Foreground
We also must take into consideration that WARM colors ADVANCE
While COOL colors RECEDE.

37. SPACE…..
In this image by John Constable, we can see that objects farther away
Appear higher than those closer to us.

38. Intensity and Value: Space…………….
Artists often used colors lower in intensity and lighter in value for
objects in the distance.
In this artwork by Monet, we can see how the color becomes less
Intense and lighter in value.

39. Space………… Linear Perspective = An artist uses slanted lines
on buildings and other objects so that they
appear to come together in the distance.
We can see in the following works how linear perspective draws
The viewer into the artwork.
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh
Claude Monet

41. ??? Questions to Consider ??? Part II. What are PRINCIPLES OF ART?
*What does using EMPHASIS enable the artist to do?
*What is RHYTHM/PATTERN / REPETITION and what two
ways do artists use it in their artworks?
*What are the three basic kinds of BALANCE?
*What is CONTRAST and how do artists use this in their
works of art?
*What is UNITY and how does it create a whole picture?
*Why is PROPORTION in an artwork important?
*How is MOVEMENT like a tour guide?

42. The Principles of Art are basically rules or guidelines that govern the way in which the Art Elements go together.
These include:
*EMPHASIS
*PATTERN/RHYTHM
*BALANCE
*CONTRAST/VARIETY
*HARMONY
*UNITY
*PROPORTION
*MOVEMENT
Lets take a look at these individually…………….

43. Emphasis EMPHASIS is used by an artist to make
an element or object stand out in a work
of art.
EMPHASIS is used by the artist to control
What part of the artwork the viewer sees
most or most often.
EMPHASIS is also used by the artist to
control how long a viewer spends looking
at each of the different parts.

44. To make an element or object in a work of art stand
Emphasis:
To make an element or object in a work of art stand
Out…..artists use emphasis.
Emphasis = Emphasis of size
Van Gogh
Emphasis = Emphasis of color
Salvador Dali
Emphasis of line
Grant Wood

45. Balance BALANCE in an artwork, it the
arrangement of art elements so that
no one part of a work overpowers, or
seems heavier than, any other part.
There are three basic types of balance.These are:
*Symmetrical or Formal Balance
*Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
*Radial Balance

46. Symmetrical or Formal Balance is created when one
half of a work of art mirrors the other half..
Symmetrical or Formal Balance is predictable,
thus, sometimes less interesting.
Leonardo da Vinci
Claude Monet
Georgia O’Keeffe

47. Asymmetrical or Informal Balance is evident when
two unlike objects appear to have equal weight. When used skillfully, it can create more interesting
compositions.
Vincent van Gogh
Mary Cassatt

48. Radial Balance in an artwork occurs when the
elements or objects are positioned around a
central point.

49. HARMONY
Is created by using pleasing combinations of the art elements such as line, shape, form, color, texture, space and value.

50. Contrast CONTRAST/VARIETY in an artwork is created-when
the artist makes a difference in value,
color,texture,shape,line,form,or space.
Color Contrast
by Monet
Texture Contrast
by OKeeffe
Value Contrast
by Durer

51. Contrast/Variety Form Contrast by Marat Space Contrast by Monet
Line Contrast
By Van Gogh

52. Movement MOVEMENT in a work of art directs the viewer
through the art piece –often to the focal area.It
also encourages the viewer to sense action
within the work.
Van Gogh
Van Gogh V
Van Gogh

53. Pattern Pattern / Repetition /Rhythm is the repeating
of shapes, lines, color, or other art
elements in planned or random order to create
interest or make the artwork more exciting.
Vincent van Gogh
Mary Cassatt
Andy Warhol

54. Proportion In art, PROPORTION is the size of objects
and how they relate to each other and to the
whole.
Grant Wood
Mary Cassatt
Mary Cassatt

55. UNITY
All parts of the artwork work together to create the whole piece, without distractions