1. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 1 Low Emittance Muon Collider Development Rolland P. Johnson Muons, Inc. (http://www.muonsinc.com/)http://www.muonsinc.com/ Muons, Inc. is committed to discovering new concepts and developing them and other older concepts, especially with new technology, for bright muon beams, neutrino factories, and muon colliders Recent progress was reported at EPAC08 (Genoa) in 21 papers and LINAC08 (Victoria) in 4 papers. Immanent progress is promised in ~35 abstracts submitted to PAC09 (Vancouver). http://www.muonsinc.com/ Muons, Inc.

2. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 2 Muons, Inc. Scenario for: High-Energy High-Luminosity Muon Colliders precision lepton machines at the energy frontier precision lepton machines at the energy frontier achieved in physics-motivated stages that require developing inventions and technology, e.g. achieved in physics-motivated stages that require developing inventions and technology, e.g. intense proton driver (CW Linac, H- Source, Laser Stripping)intense proton driver (CW Linac, H- Source, Laser Stripping) stopping muon beams (HCC, EEX w Homogeneous absorber)stopping muon beams (HCC, EEX w Homogeneous absorber) neutrino factory (HCC with HPRF, RLA in CW Proj-X)neutrino factory (HCC with HPRF, RLA in CW Proj-X) Z’ factory (low Luminosity collider, HE RLA)Z’ factory (low Luminosity collider, HE RLA) Higgs factory (extreme cooling, low beta, super-detectors)Higgs factory (extreme cooling, low beta, super-detectors) Energy-frontier muon collider (more cooling, lower beta)Energy-frontier muon collider (more cooling, lower beta) Muons, Inc.

3. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 3 New Proposals for 2009 New Proposals for 2009 Jlab BES 01b High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler Jlab BES 01b High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler Jlab BES 01b High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler Jlab BES 01b High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler SNS 03b H - Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers SNS 03b H - Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers SNS 03b H - Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers SNS 03b H - Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers JLab 03a Improved DC Gun Insulator JLab 03a Improved DC Gun Insulator JLab 03a Improved DC Gun Insulator JLab 03a Improved DC Gun Insulator SNS 04d Laser Stripping for H - Injection SNS 04d Laser Stripping for H - Injection SNS 04d Laser Stripping for H - Injection SNS 04d Laser Stripping for H - Injection Cornell 04b Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz Cornell 04b Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz Cornell 04b Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz Cornell 04b Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz NIU HEP 35a Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design NIU HEP 35a Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design NIU HEP 35a Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design NIU HEP 35a Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design UC 35a Picosecond Timing Counters UC 35a Picosecond Timing Counters UC 35a Picosecond Timing Counters UC 35a Picosecond Timing Counters NIU 35a Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology NIU 35a Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology NIU 35a Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology NIU 35a Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology FSU 36d HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids FSU 36d HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids FSU 36d HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids FSU 36d HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids JLab 38b Epicyclic channels for PIC JLab 38b Epicyclic channels for PIC JLab 38b Epicyclic channels for PIC JLab 38b Epicyclic channels for PIC JLab 38b Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders JLab 38b Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders JLab 38b Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders JLab 38b Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders FNAL 38b Novel Muon Collection Scheme FNAL 38b Novel Muon Collection Scheme FNAL 38b Novel Muon Collection Scheme FNAL 38b Novel Muon Collection Scheme BNL 38g Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study BNL 38g Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study BNL 38g Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study BNL 38g Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study IIT 39a Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities IIT 39a Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities IIT 39a Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities IIT 39a Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities FNAL NP 46a Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities FNAL NP 46a Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities FNAL NP 46a Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities FNAL NP 46a Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities FNAL 46a Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources FNAL 46a Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources FNAL 46a Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources FNAL 46a Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources FNAL 46a Compact, Tunable RF Cavities FNAL 46a Compact, Tunable RF Cavities FNAL 46a Compact, Tunable RF Cavities FNAL 46a Compact, Tunable RF Cavities IIT 46d Particle Refrigerator IIT 46d Particle Refrigerator IIT 46d Particle Refrigerator IIT 46d Particle Refrigerator FSU FES 55c Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications FSU FES 55c Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications FSU FES 55c Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications FSU FES 55c Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications Muons, Inc.

4. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008MC Design Workshop JLab 4 Abstracts for PAC09 Abstracts for PAC09 ________________from 2009 Phase I Proposals_______ ________________from 2009 Phase I Proposals_______ Neubauer JLab High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler Neubauer JLab High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler Dudnikov SNS H - Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers Dudnikov SNS H - Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers Sah JLab Improved DC Gun Insolator Sah JLab Improved DC Gun Insolator Beard SNS Laser Stripping for H - Injection Beard SNS Laser Stripping for H - Injection Neubauer Cornell Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz Neubauer Cornell Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz Cummings NIU Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design Cummings NIU Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design Abrams UC Picosecond Timing Counters Abrams UC Picosecond Timing Counters Abrams NIU Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology Abrams NIU Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology Kahn FSU HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids Kahn FSU HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids Afanasev JLab Epicyclic channels for PIC Afanasev JLab Epicyclic channels for PIC Derbenev JLab Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders Derbenev JLab Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders Yoshikawa FNAL Novel Muon Collection Scheme Yoshikawa FNAL Novel Muon Collection Scheme Yoshikawa FNAL Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Front End Study Yoshikawa FNAL Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Front End Study Roberts BNL Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study Roberts BNL Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study Alsharo’a IIT Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities Alsharo’a IIT Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities Popovic FNAL Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities Popovic FNAL Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities Popovic FNAL Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources Popovic FNAL Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources Johnson FNAL Compact, Tunable RF Cavities Johnson FNAL Compact, Tunable RF Cavities Roberts IIT Particle Refrigerator Roberts IIT Particle Refrigerator Schwartz FSU Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications Schwartz FSU Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications _______________from 2008 Phase I Projects_________________ _______________from 2008 Phase I Projects_________________ Turenne FSU Multi-purpose Fiber Optic Sensors for HTS Magnets Turenne FSU Multi-purpose Fiber Optic Sensors for HTS Magnets Neubauer JLab Rugged Ceramic Window for RF Applications Neubauer JLab Rugged Ceramic Window for RF Applications Yonehara FNAL Hydrogen-filled RF Cavities for Muon Beam Cooling Yonehara FNAL Hydrogen-filled RF Cavities for Muon Beam Cooling Wang Pulsed-Focusing Recirculating Linacs for Muon Acceleration Wang Pulsed-Focusing Recirculating Linacs for Muon Acceleration BastaniNejad LBNL RF Breakdown Studies using Pressurized Cavities BastaniNejad LBNL RF Breakdown Studies using Pressurized Cavities _______________from Phase II Projects_____________________ _______________from Phase II Projects_____________________ Ankenbrandt FNAL Stopping Muon Beams Ankenbrandt FNAL Stopping Muon Beams Zlobin FNAL Magnets for Muon 6D Helical Cooling Channels Zlobin FNAL Magnets for Muon 6D Helical Cooling Channels Lamm FNAL Development and Demonstration of 6-D Muon Beam Cooling Lamm FNAL Development and Demonstration of 6-D Muon Beam Cooling Kahn FNAL Integrating the MANX Cooling Experiment into the MICE Spectrometers Kahn FNAL Integrating the MANX Cooling Experiment into the MICE Spectrometers Ahmed IIT Particle Tracking in Matter-Dominated Beam Lines Ahmed IIT Particle Tracking in Matter-Dominated Beam Lines Neuffer FNAL Muon Capture, Phase Rotation, and Precooling in HPRF Cavities Neuffer FNAL Muon Capture, Phase Rotation, and Precooling in HPRF Cavities Ivanov JLab Reverse Emittance Exchange for Muon Colliders Ivanov JLab Reverse Emittance Exchange for Muon Colliders _______________from DOE Next Year___________________________ _______________from DOE Next Year___________________________ Yonehara FNALTraveling Wave RF system Yonehara FNALTraveling Wave RF system Trbojevic JLab Multipass Arc Design for Muon Acceleration Trbojevic JLab Multipass Arc Design for Muon Acceleration Ankebrandt JLab RF-Induced Emittance Exchange Ankebrandt JLab RF-Induced Emittance Exchange Muons, Inc.

5. HCC is Essential for LEMC (solenoid + helical dipole + helical quad) Basic beliefs: Basic beliefs: Muon beams have enormous emittances Muon beams have enormous emittances even after a factor of10 6 6D cooling,even after a factor of10 6 6D cooling, transverse emittances still are ~1000 mm-mr Resonance driving terms depend on powers of emittance Resonance driving terms depend on powers of emittance Field errors in cooling lattices, random and structural from lumped elements, will cause resonant losses Field errors in cooling lattices, random and structural from lumped elements, will cause resonant losses Field homogeneity is essential in the cooling channel Field homogeneity is essential in the cooling channel HCC is most homogeneous cooling channel HCC is most homogeneous cooling channel Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 5 Muons, Inc.

6. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 6 Muons, Inc. Project History Muons, Inc. Project History Year Project Expected Funds Research Partner Year Project Expected Funds Research Partner 2002 Company founded 2002 Company founded 2002-5High Pressure RF Cavity$600,000 IIT (Dan K.) 2002-5High Pressure RF Cavity$600,000 IIT (Dan K.) 2003-7Helical Cooling Channel$850,000Jlab (Slava D.) 2003-7Helical Cooling Channel$850,000Jlab (Slava D.) 2004-5 † MANX demo experiment$ 95,000FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2004-5 † MANX demo experiment$ 95,000FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2004-7 Phase Ionization Cooling$745,000Jlab (Slava D.) 2004-7 Phase Ionization Cooling$745,000Jlab (Slava D.) 2004-7HTS Magnets$795,000FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2004-7HTS Magnets$795,000FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2005-9Reverse Emittance Exch.$850,000Jlab (Slava D.) 2005-9Reverse Emittance Exch.$850,000Jlab (Slava D.) 2005-9Capture, ph. rotation$850,000FNAL AD (Dave N.) 2005-9Capture, ph. rotation$850,000FNAL AD (Dave N.) 2006-9 G4BL Sim. Program$850,000 IIT (Dan K.) 2006-9 G4BL Sim. Program$850,000 IIT (Dan K.) 2006-9MANX 6D Cooling Demo $850,000FNAL TD (M. Lamm) 2006-9MANX 6D Cooling Demo $850,000FNAL TD (M. Lamm) 2007-10Stopping Muon Beams$750,000FNAL APC (Chuck A.) 2007-10Stopping Muon Beams$750,000FNAL APC (Chuck A.) 2007-10HCC Magnets$750,000FNAL TD (Sasha Z.) 2007-10HCC Magnets$750,000FNAL TD (Sasha Z.) 2007-8 † Compact, Tunable RF$100,000FNAL AD (Milorad) 2007-8 † Compact, Tunable RF$100,000FNAL AD (Milorad) 2008-9Pulsed Quad RLAs$100,000Jlab (Alex B.) 2008-9Pulsed Quad RLAs$100,000Jlab (Alex B.) 2008-9Fiber Optics for HTS$100,000FSU (Justin S.) 2008-9Fiber Optics for HTS$100,000FSU (Justin S.) 2008-9RF Breakdown Studies$100,000LBNL (Derun L.) 2008-9RF Breakdown Studies$100,000LBNL (Derun L.) 2008-9Rugged RF Windows$100,000Jlab (Bob Rimmer) 2008-9Rugged RF Windows$100,000Jlab (Bob Rimmer) 2008-9H2-filled RF Cavities$100,000FNAL APC (Katsuya,) 2008-9H2-filled RF Cavities$100,000FNAL APC (Katsuya,) 2009Illinois matching $150,000DCEO (Hedin) 2009Illinois matching $150,000DCEO (Hedin) Underlined are explicitly related to HCC, others support related RF and magnet R&D. Muons, Inc.

7. DRAFT Proposal out today MANX following MICE at RAL The Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory Ionization Cooling Experiment (MANX) is proposed to test the theory, an example useful for stopping muon beams, and simulations of the Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) by constructing a helical solenoid (HS) magnet and installing it at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory (RAL) as part of the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). Because of its potential importance to Fermilab for muon cooling applications, including muon colliders, neutrino factories, and stopping muon beams, it is proposed that MANX be organized as a joint Fermilab-RAL project, where Fermilab is responsible for the magnet and detector upgrades and RAL provides the MICE beam line, where much of the MICE apparatus can be reused. MANX will test the HCC concept in its momentum-dependent incarnation, where a muon beam will lose about half of its energy in a continuous absorber, the HS field strength will scale with the muon momentum, and no RF energy replacement is required. This approach has advantages in that the experiment will be less expensive and more timely for not needing about 150 MeV of RF and in that there is a proposed upgrade to the mu2e experiment for the Project-X era that could use the same HS magnet. The momentum-independent incarnation of the HCC, where RF is used to keep the momentum nearly constant, is not tested directly in this version of MANX. However, the theory of the HCC, the technology of the HS, and simulations that involve 150 MeV of absorber will be tested to give confidence that the effectiveness of new muon cooling techniques, especially for collider use, can be accurately predicted. MANX is an appropriate $10M intermediate step toward a $100M useful muon cooling channel. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 7 Muons, Inc.

8. Key MANX features Key MANX features Will Test: Will Test: Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC)Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) p-dependent HCC with continuous absorber p-dependent HCC with continuous absorber modify currents to change cooling decrements, modify currents to change cooling decrements, Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS)Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL) Minimizes costs and time Minimizes costs and time no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorberno RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorber RF is developed in parallel with new conceptsRF is developed in parallel with new concepts builds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectorsbuilds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectors Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF: Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF: HS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgradeHS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgrade Isochronous pion decay channelIsochronous pion decay channel PrecoolerPrecooler Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 8 Muons, Inc.

9. Test of Ionization Cooling with Emittance Exchange Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 9 Muons, Inc.

10. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008MC Design Workshop JLab10 Each particle loses momentum by ionizing a low-Z absorber Only the longitudinal momentum is restored by RF cavities The angular divergence is reduced until limited by multiple scattering Successive applications of this principle with clever variations leads to small emittances for many applications Early work: Budker, Ado & Balbekov, Skrinsky & Parkhomchuk, Neuffer Principle of Ionization Cooling Muons, Inc.

11. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 11 Transverse Emittance IC The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance between cooling (first term) and heating (second term): The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance between cooling (first term) and heating (second term): Here  n is the normalized emittance, E µ is the muon energy in GeV, dE µ /ds and X 0 are the energy loss and radiation length of the absorber medium,   is the transverse beta- function of the magnetic channel, and  is the particle velocity. Here  n is the normalized emittance, E µ is the muon energy in GeV, dE µ /ds and X 0 are the energy loss and radiation length of the absorber medium,   is the transverse beta- function of the magnetic channel, and  is the particle velocity. Muons, Inc. Bethe-BlochMoliere (with low Z mods)

12. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 12 Ionization Cooling is only transverse. To get 6D cooling, emittance exchange between transverse and longitudinal coordinates is needed. THIS RH CONCEPTUAL PICTURE BE REALIZED? A MANX GOAL! Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber for Emittance Exchange and 6d Cooling Muons, Inc.

13. Helical Cooling Channel First simulations showed factor of ~150,000 reduction in 6d emittance in less than 100 m of HCC. First simulations showed factor of ~150,000 reduction in 6d emittance in less than 100 m of HCC. ~40,000 microns normalized transverse acceptance ~40,000 microns normalized transverse acceptance Used 200 MHz H2-pressurized cavities inside magnet coils. (absorber and RF occupy same space) Used 200 MHz H2-pressurized cavities inside magnet coils. (absorber and RF occupy same space) Engineering Implementation requires creativity Engineering Implementation requires creativity Coils outside of such large RF Cavities are difficult. Solutions?Coils outside of such large RF Cavities are difficult. Solutions? bigger coils: Helical Solenoid with/without correction coils bigger coils: Helical Solenoid with/without correction coils smaller cavities: 1) dielectric-loaded or 2) traveling wave solutions smaller cavities: 1) dielectric-loaded or 2) traveling wave solutions smaller pitch angle (weaker helical dipole) eases field at conductor smaller pitch angle (weaker helical dipole) eases field at conductor H2-Pressurized RF cavities are undeveloped/unprovenH2-Pressurized RF cavities are undeveloped/unproven Max RF gradient shown to be insensitive to external B field. Max RF gradient shown to be insensitive to external B field. MTA proton beam tests soon. (SF6 dopant calcs/tests encouraging) MTA proton beam tests soon. (SF6 dopant calcs/tests encouraging) Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 13 Muons, Inc.

14. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 14 6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber Helical cooling channel (HCC) Helical cooling channel (HCC) Continuous absorber for emittance exchangeContinuous absorber for emittance exchange Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fieldsSolenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fields Helical dipoles known from Siberian SnakesHelical dipoles known from Siberian Snakes z- and time-independent Hamiltonianz- and time-independent Hamiltonian Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-ABDerbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-AB http://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdf http://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdf Muons, Inc.

15. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 15 Particle Motion in an HCC Magnet Blue: Beam envelope Red: Reference orbit Magnet Center Combined function magnet (invisible in this picture) Solenoid + Helical dipole + Helical Quadrupole Dispersive component makes longer path length for higher momentum particles and shorter path length for lower momentum particles. Muons, Inc. Opposing radial forces Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z – independent Hamiltonian b' added for stability and acceptance

16. Some Important Relationships Rol - Dec. 9, 2008MC Design Workshop JLab16 Hamiltonian Solution Equal cooling decrements Longitudinal cooling only ~Momentum slip factor ~ Muons, Inc.

17. Test of Simulation Programs Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 17 Muons, Inc.

18. Precooler + HCCs With first engineering constraints Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 18 Solenoid + High Pressurized RF Precooler Series of HCCs The acceptance is sufficiently big. Transverse emittance can be smaller than longitudinal emittance. Emittance grows in the longitudinal direction. Muons, Inc.

19. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008MC Design Workshop JLab19 Engineering HCC with RF parameter s Bzbdbqbsf Inner d of coil Expected Maximum b E RF phase unitm TTT/mT/m2GHzcmTMV/mdegree 1st HCC 1.61.0-4.31.0-0.20.50.450.06.016.4140.0 2nd HCC 1.01.0-6.81.5-0.31.40.830.08.016.4140.0 3rd HCC 0.51.0-13.63.1-0.63.81.615.017.016.4140.0 Use a pillbox cavity (but no window this time). RF frequency is determined by the size of helical solenoid coil.  Diameter of 400 MHz cavity = 50 cm  Diameter of 800 MHz cavity = 25 cm  Diameter of 1600 MHz cavity = 12.5 cm The pressure of gaseous hydrogen is 200 atm at room temp to adjust the RF field gradient to be a practical value.  The field gradient can be increased if the breakdown would be well suppressed by the high pressurized hydrogen gas. Incorporating RF cavities in Helical Cooling Channels Helical solenoid coil RF cavity RF Window GH2 RF is completely inside the coil.

20. Test of Helical Solenoid Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 20 Muons, Inc.

21. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 21 Helical Cooling Channel Continuous, homogeneous energy absorber for longitudinal cooling Helical Dipole magnet component for dispersion Solenoidal component for focusing Helical Quadrupole for stability and increased acceptance BNL Helical Dipole magnet for AGS spin control Muons, Inc.

22. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 22 Two Different Designs of Helical Cooling Magnet Siberian snake type magnet Consists of 4 layers of helix dipole to produce tapered helical dipole fields. Coil diameter is 1.0 m. Maximum field is more than 10 T. Helical solenoid coil magnet Consists of 73 single coils (no tilt). Maximum field is 5 T Coil diameter is 0.5 m. Large bore channel (conventional) Small bore channel (helical solenoid) Great new innovation! Muons, Inc.

23. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008MC Design Workshop JLab23 HS for Cooling Demonstration Experiment Status: conceptual design complete solenoid matching sections Next: engineering design mechanical structure field quality, construction tolerances cryostat powering and quench protection Goals: cooling demonstration, HS technology development Features: SSC NbTi cable, B max ~6 T, coil ID ~0.5m, length ~10m V. Kashikhin, A. Zlobin, M. Lamm, S. Kahn, M. Lopes Muons, Inc.

24. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 24 Overview of original MANX Use Liquid He absorber No RF cavity L of cooling channel: 3.2 m L of matching section: 2.4 m Helical pitch  : 1.0 Helical orbit radius: 25 cm Helical period: 1.6 m Transverse cooling: ~1.3 Longitudinal cooling: ~1.3 6D cooling: ~2 Muons, Inc.

25. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 25 Matching + Helical Cooling Magnets Helix period = 1.2 m Number of coils per period = 20 Coil length = 0.05 m Gap between coils = 0.01 m Current = 430.0 A/mm 2 Increase gap between coils from 10 to 40 mm HCC Downstream Matching Upstream Matching Design HCC Magnet Gap between coils = 0.04 m Current = 1075.0 A/mm 2 Muons, Inc.

26. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 26 Simulation in best cooling option 6D cooling factor ~2 Transverse/longitudinal cooling factor ~1.3 Not perfect/Need more tuning Muons, Inc.

27. What is New(est) Incorporating RF in HCC (new grants/proposals) Incorporating RF in HCC (new grants/proposals) HS Correction coils; more room, lower f (Katsuya)HS Correction coils; more room, lower f (Katsuya) Adding Dielectric to lower f/R (Milorad)Adding Dielectric to lower f/R (Milorad) Traveling wave solution (Lars,…)Traveling wave solution (Lars,…) Studies of lower pitch angle (Valeri, Bob, Slava,..)Studies of lower pitch angle (Valeri, Bob, Slava,..) HPRF development in using proton beam about to start HPRF development in using proton beam about to start Impact of dopants on e - absorption (Alvin, Rose, )Impact of dopants on e - absorption (Alvin, Rose, ) Engineering of magnet coils Engineering of magnet coils 4-coil study underway for VTS (Lamm, Kashikhin,…)4-coil study underway for VTS (Lamm, Kashikhin,…) Unmatched HCC in MICE saves t and $Unmatched HCC in MICE saves t and $ New grants for HTS HS for more coolingNew grants for HTS HS for more cooling Feb ‘09 presentation to FNAL AAC Feb ‘09 presentation to FNAL AAC support from FNAL for MANX at MICE ($5-10M magnet)support from FNAL for MANX at MICE ($5-10M magnet) support from MICE collaboration and RAL needed! support from MICE collaboration and RAL needed! Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 27 Muons, Inc.

28. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 28 new ideas under development: H 2 -Pressurized RF Cavities Continuous Absorber for Emittance Exchange Helical Cooling Channel Epicyclic HCC Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling Reverse Emittance Exchange RF capture, phase rotation, cooling in HP RF Cavities Bunch coalescing Very High Field Solenoid magnets for better cooling p-dependent HCC precooler HTS for extreme transverse cooling MANX 6d Cooling Demo improved mu2e design Muons, Inc.

29. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 29 HCC Magnets for MANX Muons, Inc. Prototype coils for MANX have been designed and modeled. Construction of a 4-coil assembly using SSC cable is complete. Tests in the TD vertical Dewar will start soon. Since the MANX matching sections are made of coils with varying offset, they are more expensive than the cooling region. Consequently the total magnet cost can be drastically reduced if the matching sections are not needed.

30. Can we save t and $ by eliminating matching sections? Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 30 LHe or LH2 region Matching sections Requires transverse displacement of downstream spectrometer Magnet ~$10M Magnet < $5M Muons, Inc.

31. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 31 HCC Magnets using HTS Muons, Inc. Beam cooling to reduce the size of a muon beam depends on the magnetic field strength. The Phase II proposal to develop this hybrid scheme has been approved. Here a hybrid magnet of Nb3Sn (green) and HTS (red) could provide up to 30 T in an HCC design. Fig. 7: Top: there are many ferrite cores at Fermilab from older implementations of RF systems which needed to be identified and tested. Bottom: photographs of the ferrite rings in the model RF cavity during assembly. In the photo at lower-right one can see the end of the sleeve that acts as an iris, as well as the copper solenoid bias windings.

32. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 32 MANX as a Pre-cooler z = 0 m z = 3 m z = 6 m p (MeV/c) Distance in HCC, z(m) & Momentum Cut N(π ─ &μ ─ ) per POTN(π ─ ) per POTN(μ ─ ) per POT 00.33020.00160.3139 (95.1%) z = 0; p < 350 MeV/c0.19540.00040.1949 (99.8%) 30.17340.00020.1733 (~100%) 60.07800.00000.0780 (100%) z = 6; p < 75 MeV/c0.03480.00000.0348 (100%) 10k POT D. Neuffer, C. Yoshikawa Use LiH plate in this design Good transmission (> 90%)

33. Can we add better 6d capability by using ps detectors? http://www.hep.anl.gov/ertley/tof/talks_mar_28/12_Roberts.ppt http://www.hep.anl.gov/ertley/tof/talks_mar_28/12_Roberts.ppt http://www.hep.anl.gov/ertley/tof/talks_mar_28/12_Roberts.ppt Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 33 Pico-Second Timing Workshop Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique March 27 & 28, 2008 Muons, Inc.

34. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 34 Momentum Resolution from Time of Flight Momentum is determined from time of flight. Momentum is determined from time of flight. Here the µ + momentum is 200 MeV/c. Here the µ + momentum is 200 MeV/c. Here the counter spacing is 1 m (red) or 5 m (blue). Here the counter spacing is 1 m (red) or 5 m (blue). Segmentation of the counters assumed to be 2 cm or better Segmentation of the counters assumed to be 2 cm or better Limits uncertainty in path lengthLimits uncertainty in path length Desired (next slide) 5 meters 1 meter (single counter) Muons, Inc.

35. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 35 Longitudinal Phase Space The input beam for MANX has parameters: The input beam for MANX has parameters: Momentum:300 MeV/cMomentum:300 MeV/c Sigma (dp/p):4%(12 MeV/c)Sigma (dp/p):4%(12 MeV/c) Sigma (time):0.2 ns(20° at 201 MHz)Sigma (time):0.2 ns(20° at 201 MHz) Cooling will decrease both sigmas by ~10%. Cooling will decrease both sigmas by ~10%. Resolutions 2 times better than the decreases are: Resolutions 2 times better than the decreases are: 0.5 MeV/c in Ptot 0.5 MeV/c in Ptot 10 ps in time. 10 ps in time. These resolutions are factors of ~40X and ~6X better than the current spectrometers can do (which are not designed to measure longitudinally at all). These resolutions are factors of ~40X and ~6X better than the current spectrometers can do (which are not designed to measure longitudinally at all). Picosecond counters are a good match to the needs of MANX for longitudinal measurements. Picosecond counters are a good match to the needs of MANX for longitudinal measurements. Muons, Inc.

36. Summary: MANX Summary: MANX Will Test: Will Test: Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC)Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) p-dependent HCC with continuous absorber p-dependent HCC with continuous absorber modify currents to change cooling decrements, modify currents to change cooling decrements, Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS)Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL) Minimizes costs and time Minimizes costs and time no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorberno RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorber RF is developed in parallel with new conceptsRF is developed in parallel with new concepts builds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectorsbuilds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectors Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF: Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF: HS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgradeHS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgrade Isochronous pion decay channelIsochronous pion decay channel PrecoolerPrecooler Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 36 Muons, Inc.

37. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 37 In Feb. 2009 we plan to present to the FNAL AAC An Updated Letter of Intent to Propose MANX, A 6D MUON BEAM COOLING EXPERIMENT TO FOLLOW MICE Robert Abrams 1, Mohammad Alsharo’a 1, Charles Ankenbrandt 2, Emanuela Barzi 2, Kevin Beard 3, Alex Bogacz 3, Daniel Broemmelsiek 2, Alan Bross 2, Yu-Chiu Chao 3, Mary Anne Cummings 1, Yaroslav Derbenev 3, Henry Frisch 4, Ivan Gonin 2, Gail Hanson 5, Martin Hu 2, Andreas Jansson 2, Rolland Johnson 1 Stephen Kahn 1, Daniel Kaplan 6, Vladimir Kashikhin 2, Sergey Korenev 1, Moyses Kuchnir 1, Mike Lamm 2, Valeri Lebedev 2, David Neuffer 2, David Newsham 1, Milorad Popovic 2, Robert Rimmer 3, Thomas Roberts 1, Richard Sah 1, Linda Spentzouris 6, Alvin Tollestrup 2, Daniele Turrioni 2, Victor Yarba 2, Katsuya Yonehara 2, Cary Yoshikawa 2, Alexander Zlobin 2 1 Muons, Inc. 2 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 3 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility 4 University of Chicago 5 University of California at Riverside 6 Illinois Institute of Technology We need the MICE Collaboration support to do this !!!! (Fermilab would be asked to build the magnet to be used at RAL)

38. Bob Palmer Objections to MANX I agree with Rol – we need a 6D cooling demonstration, but not in the way he wants. 6D cooling can be done by path length differences in a helix, or with dispersion in wedges. The former requires difficult high kappa helices, has consequent problems incorporating rf, and does work at low emittances where you need focusing to a low beta (e.g. PIC or REMEX). The wedge method avoids these problems and is far easier to demonstrate. A wedge in MICE with off-line dispersion selection is a perfectly good demonstration of 6D cooling and does not cost anything (almost). That will satisfy the PR need for “demonstration of 6D cooling”. I agree with Rol – we need a 6D cooling demonstration, but not in the way he wants. 6D cooling can be done by path length differences in a helix, or with dispersion in wedges. The former requires difficult high kappa helices, has consequent problems incorporating rf, and does work at low emittances where you need focusing to a low beta (e.g. PIC or REMEX). The wedge method avoids these problems and is far easier to demonstrate. A wedge in MICE with off-line dispersion selection is a perfectly good demonstration of 6D cooling and does not cost anything (almost). That will satisfy the PR need for “demonstration of 6D cooling”. What is really needed, is a demonstration of a useful system. For that, we need to know what the “useful system” is, and devise an experiment that shows that it is indeed practical. For a high pressure gas cooling system we need to know 1) what a beam does to the gas, 2) how rf is to be incorporated, 3) how to satisfy a safety committee that the system WITH thin windows, is ok, and 4) how its simulated performance and cost compares with systems using wedges. We are a long way from knowing the answers to these questions, so it is premature to propose a practicality demonstration at this time. And, incidentally, a demonstration that uses no hydrogen and no rf is not a practicality demonstration. It would do no more than seeing 6D cooling in a wedge at MICE. What is really needed, is a demonstration of a useful system. For that, we need to know what the “useful system” is, and devise an experiment that shows that it is indeed practical. For a high pressure gas cooling system we need to know 1) what a beam does to the gas, 2) how rf is to be incorporated, 3) how to satisfy a safety committee that the system WITH thin windows, is ok, and 4) how its simulated performance and cost compares with systems using wedges. We are a long way from knowing the answers to these questions, so it is premature to propose a practicality demonstration at this time. And, incidentally, a demonstration that uses no hydrogen and no rf is not a practicality demonstration. It would do no more than seeing 6D cooling in a wedge at MICE. Do not get me wrong. I am not against helices, nor against high pressure hydrogen gas. I am currently excited about a low kappa helix, with the minimum hydrogen pressure for breakdown, and LIH wedges. With a low kappa, (e.g. transverse field 1/20 of the axial) putting rf in the coils is trivial. Raising the field to 20 T (plus 1 T transverse) is also relatively easy. Using lower pressure (25 atm at 60 degrees) also makes safety with thin windows easier. Let’s work together on cooking better solutions and doing the R&D needed to get them to work. Do not get me wrong. I am not against helices, nor against high pressure hydrogen gas. I am currently excited about a low kappa helix, with the minimum hydrogen pressure for breakdown, and LIH wedges. With a low kappa, (e.g. transverse field 1/20 of the axial) putting rf in the coils is trivial. Raising the field to 20 T (plus 1 T transverse) is also relatively easy. Using lower pressure (25 atm at 60 degrees) also makes safety with thin windows easier. Let’s work together on cooking better solutions and doing the R&D needed to get them to work. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 38

39. If MANX isn’t a prototype for NF or MC cooling, could it be? For example, if HPRF can’t be made to work, then you could For example, if HPRF can’t be made to work, then you could match 6d MANX output to ~150 MeV vacuum RF section, (a la Fernow) match 6d MANX output to ~150 MeV vacuum RF section, (a la Fernow) accelerate 150 MeV, which would improve 6d emittance by factor of ~5. accelerate 150 MeV, which would improve 6d emittance by factor of ~5. Inject into another MANX section, and iterate 9 times to reduce 6d emittance by a factor of a million in 10X30 = 300 m. Inject into another MANX section, and iterate 9 times to reduce 6d emittance by a factor of a million in 10X30 = 300 m. Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 39 Insert 20 m of 7.5 MV/m 200 MHz RF (vacuum) MANX 4 m long HCC with LH2 absorber Matching sections ~8 spare 800 MHz klystrons could be used for demo of a central section Muons, Inc.

40. LEMC Scenario and this Workshop A new picture based on Dogbone RLAs A new picture based on Dogbone RLAs Spreadsheet will be developed for parameter comparisons and optimizations Spreadsheet will be developed for parameter comparisons and optimizations Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 40 Muons, Inc.

41. LEMC Scenario Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 41 Muons, Inc. Bogacz Dogbones Scheme