1. The Language Of Medicine
9th edition
Davi-Ellen Chabner

2. Chapter 6 Additional Suffixes and Digestive System Terminology2

3. Chapter Goals
Define new suffixes and use them with digestive system combining forms.
List and explain laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations common to the digestive system.
Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper context, such as medical reports and records.

4. Suffixes -ectasis, -ectasia -emesis -lysis -pepsia -phagia -plasty
-ptosis
-ptysis
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a position?
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes uncontrolled eating?
Which suffixes are surgical?
What is the difference between hematemesis and hemoptysis?

5. Suffixes -rrhage, -rrhagia -rrhaphy -rrhea -spasm -stasis -stenosis
-tresia
Which suffixes also stand alone as a word?
Which suffix describes a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes flow or discharge?

6. Suffixes Suffixes that are also terms: emesis (emetic) lysis spasm
stasis
stenosis
Use two of these terms in a sentence.

7. QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing? dysphasia
dysphagia
dysplasia
polyphagia
Correct answer is B: dysphagia. (A, dysphasia means difficulty speaking; C, dysplasia means abnormal formation or development; D, polyphagia means excessive appetite.)

8. QUICK QUIZ: 2. Which term means to control or stop bleeding?
hemostasis
hematoma
hemoptysis
cholestasis
Correct answer is A: hemostasis.

9. Combining Forms and Terminology
bucc/o
cec/o
celi/o
cheil/o
chol/e
cholangi/o
cholecyst/o
choledoch/o
col/o
colon/o
“Col/o” is commonly combined with another form. What is it? (colorectal)
What is a cholecystectomy?

10. Combining Forms and Terminology
dent/i
duoden/o
enter/o
esophag/o
gastr/o
gingiv/o
gloss/o
gluc/o
glyc/o
hepat/o
herni/o
ile/o
Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
Which of these terms pertains to the liver?
Which pertains to the tongue?
Which terms refer to parts of the small intestine?

11. Combining Forms and Terminology
jejun/o
labi/o
lingu/o
lip/o
lith/o
odont/o
or/o
palat/o
pancreat/o
proct/o
Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
Which combining forms are not anatomical for a specific body part? (lip/o, lith/o)

12. Combining Forms and Terminology
pylor/o
rect/o
sialaden/o
splen/o
steat/o
stomat/o
What is sialadenitis?
What is steatorrhea?
What is stomatitis? (Many students believe this is for stomach.)

13. QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means enlarged liver? acromegaly
cardiomegaly
hepatomegaly
hepatitis
Correct answer is C: hepatomegaly.

14. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and bilirubin in blood
Stool culture: test for microorganisms in stool
Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test: test to detect blood in feces
What is a screening test for colon cancer? How does it work?
Describe the enzymes LFTs measure.

15. QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which of the following tests for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted (serum)?
stool guaiac
hemoccult
stool culture
LFTs
Correct answer is D: LFTs—liver function tests which test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.

16. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
X-rays
Lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)
Upper gastrointestinal series
Cholangiography
Computed tomography (CT scan)
Which test uses a contrast medium?
In a cholangiography, how does the contrast material enter the body?

17. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Ultrasound Examination
abdominal ultrasonography
endoscopic ultrasonography
Magnetic Resonance Techniques
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Which test is used to examine the gallbladder?
Which test creates a scan of the liver?

18. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Other Procedures
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery: reduces stomach size
Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual examination of the GI tract
Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue
Nasogastric intubation: insertion of tube through the nose into stomach
Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to remove fluid from abdomen
Which procedure is a visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract?
Which procedure removes fluid after surgery?
Which procedure is also called gastrojejunostomy? What is this an example of? (anastomosis)
Which procedure is used to pump out stomach contents?

19. QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which procedure below is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen? A. laparoscopy B. laparotomy C. abdominectomy D. abdominocentesis
Correct answer is D abdominocentesis—the suffix -centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

20. Abbreviations Alk phos: alkaline phosphatase
ALT, AST: alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase
BE: barium enema
BRBPR: bright red blood per rectum
BM: bowel movement
Use three of these abbreviations in sentences.
Identify suffixes learned in this chapter.
What is the medical term for BRBPR? (hematochezia)
Which is an imaging test?
Which are laboratory tests?

21. Abbreviations CT scan: computed tomography
EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
EUS: endoscopic ultrasonography
GB: gallbladder
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease
What does tomography mean?

22. Abbreviations GI: gastrointestinal HBV: hepatitis B virus
IBD: inflammatory bowel disease
LFTs: liver function tests
Which of these abbreviations are pathologies?
What is the purpose of liver function tests?

23. Abbreviations MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
NG tube: nasogastric tube
NPO: nothing by mouth
PEG tube: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
What is the Latin term for “nothing by mouth”?

24. Abbreviations PEJ tube: percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube
PTHC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
PUD: peptic ulcer disease
What is the difference between the PEG tube and the PEJ tube?
What are the probable locations of PUD? (stomach, duodenum)

25. Abbreviations TPN: total parenteral nutrition
T tube: tube placed in the biliary tract for drainage
Which enzymes are tested to detect liver disease?
Which term describes intravenous nutrition? What is included in the formula?

26. Review Suffixes
-ase _____________ -centesis _____________ -chezia _____________ -ectasia _____________ -ectasis _____________ -ectomy _____________ -emesis _____________ -emia _____________ -genesis _____________

27. Review Suffixes -ase enzyme
-centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
-chezia defecation; elimination of wastes
-ectasia stretching; dilation; expansion
-ectasis stretching; dilation; expansion
-ectomy removal; excision; resection
-emesis vomiting
-emia blood condition
-genesis producing; forming

28. Review Suffixes
-graphy _____________ -iasis _____________ -lysis _____________ -megaly _____________ -orexia _____________ -pathy _____________ -pepsia _____________ -phagia _____________

29. Review Suffixes -graphy process of recording -iasis abnormal condition
-lysis breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening
-megaly enlargement
-orexia appetite
-pathy disease; emotion
-pepsia digestion
-phagia eating; swallowing

30. Review Suffixes
-prandial _____________ -plasty _____________ -ptosis _____________ -ptysis _____________ -rrhage _____________ -rrhagia _____________ -rrhaphy _____________ -rrhea _____________

31. Review Suffixes -prandial meal -plasty surgical repair
-ptosis droop; sag; prolapse; fall
-ptysis spitting
-rrhage bursting forth (of blood)
-rrhagia bursting forth (of blood)
-rrhaphy suture
-rrhea flow; discharge

32. Review Suffixes
-scopy _____________ -spasm _____________ -stasis _____________ -stenosis _____________ -stomy _____________ -tomy _____________ -tresia _____________

33. Review Suffixes -scopy visual examination
-spasm sudden contraction of muscles
-stasis stop; control; place
-stenosis tightening; stricture
-stomy new opening (to form a mouth)
-tomy process of cutting
-tresia opening