1. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net National Capacity Building of ODL Professionals on OER Quality -------------------------------------------------------------------------- open educational resources C E M C AB R A O U workshop organised by the Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia in collaboration with Dr B R Ambedkar Open University

2. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Global Issues on OER : Praxis around the World -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Paul Kawachi FRSA kawachi @ open - ed. net open educational resources

3. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Global Issues on OER : Praxis around the World ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Paul Kawachi FRSA kawachi @ open - ed. net http : // www. open - ed. net / oer-quality / world-praxis. ppt

4. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (a) background to ODE around the world (b) how OER are created and used in practice around the world overview

5. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (a) background to ODE around the world : open and distance education has developed through cycles with each cycle consisting of two parts - first of technical improvement and then of quality improvement background

6. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (a) background to ODE around the world : these were first suggested by Otto Peters in 1983 and then identified by me in 2002 technical improvement zweckrationalität technical rationalisation quality improvement wertrationalität value - adding rationalisation background

7. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (a) background to ODE around the world : zweckrationalität, wertrationalität technical value - adding 1970 ~ 1990 1990 ~ 1995 1995 ~ 2000 2001 ~ 2005 2005 ~ 2008 2009 ~ 2011 2011 ~ 2013 2013 ~ background

8. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net background zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 1970 ~ 1990 1990 ~ 1995 industrialisation tutor - support mass production media choice learners in groups

9. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net background zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 1995 ~ 2000 2001 ~ 2005 objective text - based student - centred internet use ethnic diversity email tolerance / law

10. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net background zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 2005 ~ 2008 2009 ~ 2011 financial crisis consortia mergers course choices sharing courses social networking

11. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net background zweckrationalität wertrationalität technical value - adding 2011 ~ 2013 2013 ~ prior - learning OER Quality recognition Guidelines OER & MOOC student mobility lifelong learning

12. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net background

13. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (a) background to ODE around the world : understanding these cycles helps us to know that different countries are at different stages and even within a country different universities are at different stages overview

14. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (a) background to ODE around the world : we will see next how different regions hold different conceptions of OER … some want to broadcast video of a teacher to reach masses of students in an industrialist delivery of knowledge overview

15. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (a) background to ODE around the world : we will see next how different regions hold different conceptions of OER … while others want to develop interoperability accessibility, and inclusivity which may be incompatible with culture-bound context-dependent industrialist practice overview

16. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (b) how OER are created and used in practice around the world : i in America ii in Europe iii in Asia iv in Australasia v in Africa praxis

17. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (b) how OER are created and used in practice around the world : i in America ii in Europe iii in Asia iv in Australasia v in Africa praxis OCW ocwconsortium.org OER-Europe oer-europe.net OER-Asia oerasia.org OERu wikieducator.org/OER_university OER-Africa oer-africa.org

18. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net overview OCW ocwconsortium.org OER-Europe oer-europe.net OER-Asia oerasia.org OER-Africa oer-africa.org OERu wikieducator.org/OER_university

19. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net compartments : a human trait … overview image adapted from North News & Picture Ltd, UK

20. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net (b) how OER are created and used in practice around the world : i in America ii in Europe iii in Asia iv in Australasia v in Africa praxis OCW OER-Europe OER-Asia OERu OER-Africa

21. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net these appear to be compartmentalised as continental geographic groups

22. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net these appear to be compartmentalised as continental geographic groups underneath the group banners... actually they are only one

23. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net these appear to be compartmentalised as continental geographic groups underneath the group banners... actually they are only one reusing whatever they can find localising global content to own cultures / contexts

24. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net these umbrella groups eg OER-Asia act as intermediaries bringing down global or international resources and gathering local produce to send up metaphor ‘gardening’ ? local weather, local culture (food / taste) etc

25. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net let’s look at the localisation process …

26. increased simplicity more complexity customised internationalisation localisation adapted reusable customised can export / import adapted

27. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net how OER are created and used in practice around the world : - the umbrella organisations in the north provide an outside link to each original OER - while those in the south seem to prefer hosting a copy of each OER themselves ( probably as a precaution against web-loss )

28. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net how OER are created and used in practice around the world : The University of Southampton UK hosts the global Registry of Open Access Repositories http://roar.eprints.org listing more than 3340 repositories of OER providing open access around the world involving millions of OER

30. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Europe, The UK Open University has 8 OER projects across the UK, USA and India and use a blog as the OER Research Hub to collect evidence and share outcomes and so on http://oerresearchhub.org

31. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, "There is still limited internet connectivity, the cost of connectivity is high, and there are intermittent power disruptions" Bakary Diallo, Rector African Virtual University 2012 http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20121110110255822

32. The Bharathidasan University joins with the African University College of Communication to start a new virtual university in Ghana in January 2013 http://www.bdu.ac.in/about-ckr/ http://www.aucc.edu.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=350:ceo-of-24-x7-learning-to-visit-aucc&catid=1:latest-news Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net This picture shows use of a DVD in their OER repository suggesting off-line access

33. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net connectivity is a challenge in Bharathidasan University - Center for Knowledge Repository http://www.bdu.ac.in and click for outside entry goes to 172.16.110.7/kr/ here

34. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net connectivity is a challenge in Hyderabad too http://www.iiit.ac.in

35. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, new resources launched Feb 2013 at http://www.saide.org.za/design-guide

36. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, the South African Institute for Distance Education offers concerning quality aspects http://www.saide.org.za/design-guide

37. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net http://www.saide.org.za/design-guide/35-how-can-we-ensure-good-quality-learning-quality-assurance

38. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, the Kwame Nkrumah University, Ghana, is adopting ODL and OER http://web.knust.edu.gh/oer/pages/news.php?siteid=knustoer&id=13#

39. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, the Kwame Nkrumah University, links to OER-Africa resources http://www.oerafrica.org/oeraction/OERinAction/tabid/227/Default.aspx

40. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, the Kwame Nkrumah University, Ghana, with Univ Michigan http://www.oerafrica.org/FTPFolder/Website%20Materials/Health/case_studies/2011.05%20Knust_Low_Res.pdf OER projects focus on health awareness and care in Africa Lessons Learned “OER is quite expensive. It’s not just filming and then finishing it. We think that in terms of faculty time, it’s quite expensive.” Osmollo, 2011 p.14

41. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, the Kwame Nkrumah University, Ghana http://web.knust.edu.gh/oer/pages/sections.php?siteid=knustoer&mid=26&sid=124 teachers are given this template to upload their own materials as an OER …

42. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, the Kwame Nkrumah University, Ghana http://web.knust.edu.gh/oer/pages/sections.php?siteid=knustoer&mid=26&sid=124 Gather the course content : Get support from OER Media Team and Volunteers : Select appropriate licenses : Develop content into OER : Publish your material :

43. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net

44. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Asia, the current Quality Assurance Framework of the Asian Association of Open Universities http://www.aaou.net/resources/145-aaou-quality-assurance-framework

46. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Asia, the current Quality Assurance Framework of the Asian Association of Open Universities http://www.aaou.net/resources/145-aaou-quality-assurance-framework mentions it covers OER and e-learning but only includes the recommendation that ; “ the institution utilizes media and technologies that are accessible, equitable and practical ”

47. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In Africa, Open University of Tanzania http://www.out.ac.tz operates using MIT and AVU courseware hosted locally on its own server at mit.out.ac.tz

48. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In America, Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education (ISKME) offers a framework called Achieve-OER-Evaluation to assess OER quality according to the common core state standards http://www.achieve.org/files/AchieveOERRubrics.pdf but these eight rubrics are pretty inaccessible in terms of language eg an object has superior alignment only if both of the following are true : - All of the content and performance expectations in the identified standard are completely addressed by the object. - The content and performance expectations of the identified standard are the focus of the object. While some objects may cover a range of standards that could potentially be aligned, for a superior alignment the content and performance expectations must not be a peripheral part of the object. Rubric I, p.2

49. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net In America, Quality assessment according to their Common Core State Standards Coverage Rubric I Degree of Alignment to Standards Rubric II Quality of Explanation of the Subject Matter Rubric III Utility of Materials Designed to Support Teaching Rubric IV Quality of Assessment Rubric V Quality of Technological Interactivity Rubric VI Quality of Instructional Tasks and Practice Exercises Rubric VII Opportunities for Deeper Learning Rubric VIII Assurance of Accessibility

50. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Common Core State Standards, USA Guidelines for OER quality assessment http://www.achieve.org/files/AchieveOERRubrics.pdf p.5

51. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net OER are generally digital and need a computer or a mobile telephone, iPod or tablet in S Asia low-cost dust-proof US$ 400 computers : Intel in S America third-party-financed pay-as-you-go computer : Microsoft

52. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net what ’s next ? “ Growing access without investing in quality won’t work ” claims new headlines 14th January 2013 Ranjit Goswami Ranjit Goswami, University World News, 254, 1, http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20130108162026348

53. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net what ’s next ? India’s President Pranab Mukherjee talking at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology about quality and quantity in India's education system on 25th December 2012 “what we need most is to provide good quality” http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/news/35998713_1_higher-education-universities-president-pranab-mukherjee

54. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net You can download these slides freely from the website http : // www. open - ed. net / oer-quality / world-praxis. ppt ________________________________________________ or by email to me at kawachi @ open - ed. net