1. We now look at another way population changes
Migration
We now look at another way population changes

2. Migration vs Circulation
Migration is a permanent or long term relocation of an individual or group from one place to another. EX: moving from Mexico to the United States
Circulation is a temporary, often cyclical, relocation of an individual or group from one place to another. EX: going to college, farm workers

3. Moving in or out – migration involves both
Emigration is moving out or departing
Immigration is moving in or arriving
Net migration is the change in population of a location as a result of both immigration and emigration.
Net Migration=Number of immigrants-number of emigrants

4. Total population change – can be calculated with a demographic equation
EX:
2009 population=2008 population + natural increase(birth-deaths)+net migration

5. Types of migration
Forced migration occurs when a person, group, government, or other entity insists another group must relocate. What examples of forced migration do you know about?
Voluntary migration is a long-term or permanent move that is made by choice

6. Ravenstein’s laws of migration
Most cover short distances are don’t cross international boundaries
Migrants moving to urban areas create gaps that are filled by migrants moving to distant spaces
Involves two opposite processes: dispersion (departure) and absorption (arrival)
Migration produces counter flows

7. Ravenstein’s laws cont.
Most people migrate to urban areas
Urban residents are less likely to migrate that rural residents
Women migrate more within their own country of birth, men migrate more frequently beyond their country of birth. This trend has changed in the recent years.
How does distance decay

8. Push and Pull Factors
All voluntary migrations involve push and pull factors
Push factors are unfavorable conditions of a place that encourage migration
Pull factors are favorable conditions that attract migrants
Refugee – a person who flees to another country because they’re worried about their personal safety.
Asylum – protection from persecution. People can seek asylum in another country.

9. Patterns of Global Migration
International migration
North America: U.S. and Canada are major destinations, why?
Authorized immigrants – legal permanent residents, (green card holders)
Unauthorized immigrants – people who come on a temporary visa and stay after their visa expires or people who cross a border without being detected. (illegal immigrants)

10. Latin America
Since 1950 Latin America has become a region of emigration. Why do you think this is?
Transnationalism is when immigrants develop and cultivate ties in more than one country. Have you seen an example of this?

11. Europe
In the last 60 years Europe has become a region of in-migration.
Most of Europe’s population growth in the last few years has been fueled by immigration rather natural increase.

12. Africa African’s make up about 9% of international migrants.
Much of migration in Africa was impacted by colonialism. European colonists established mines and plantations and brought workers from one section of the continent to another.
Africa has had a serious problem with brain drain. Brain drain is when skilled professionals leave a country to seek a higher paying job and better life elsewhere.

13. Africa cont
Africa has a serious problem with brain drain with 10% of their health care professionals leaving.
This impacts the areas ability to deal with the AIDS epidemic
Civil unrest in Africa has also resulted in internally displaced persons, people who are forcibly driven from their homes to another part of their country.

14. Asia Asia supplies 25% of the worlds migrants, the largest part.
Many Asians move in search of jobs.