1. Chin-Sung Lin Eleanor Roosevelt High School
Computer Anatomy
Chin-Sung Lin
Eleanor Roosevelt High School

2. The Visible Part: Computer Hardware

3. What is a Computer?
Main Memory
Input
Microprocessor
Output
Storage

4. What is a Computer?

5. What is a Computer?

6. System Unit

7. Motherboard

8. Back Panel Interface

9. PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse Connectors
PS/2 Mouse
PS/2 Keyboard

10. Audio Connectors
Line In
Audio Out
Microphone In

11. VGA Connectors

12. HDMI Connectors

13. USB and Ethernet Connectors

14. Serial and Parallel Ports
25-pin Parallel Port
9-pin Serial Port

15. ATX Connector

16. IDE (PATA) Connector
Parallel ATA (PATA) is an interface standard for the connection of storage devices such as hard disks, floppy drives, and optical disc drives in computers. It evolved in several stages from Western Digital's original Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface.
40 pins, 18 inch cable, width: 16 bits, bitrate: 16 MB/s originally, later 33, 66, 100 and 133 MB/s Max. devices 2 (master/slave).
It has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) in newer systems.

17. SATA Connector
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives.
7 pins, 1 m cable, width: 1 bit, bitrate: 600 GB/s Max. devices 1 (15 with port multiplier).

18. Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
The Accelerated Graphics Port (often shortened to AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.
AGP has been progressively phased out in favor of PCI Express (PCIe).
The primary advantage of AGP over PCI is that it provides a dedicated pathway between the slot and the processor rather than sharing the PCI bus. In addition to a lack of contention for the bus, the direct connection allows for higher clock speeds.
32 bits MB/s.

19. PCI Slot
PCI: 32/64 bits, 33 MHz, 133 MB/s (standard configuration). 533 MB/s (64-bit at 66 MHz configuration).
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. PCIe has numerous improvements over the aforementioned bus standards, including higher maximum system bus throughput, lower I/O pin count and smaller physical footprint, better performance-scaling for bus devices, a more detailed error detection and reporting mechanism (Advanced Error Reporting (AER)[1]), and native hot-plug functionality.
For a 16-lane PCIe: v4.0: 31.51 GB/s. One device each lane.

20. Motherboard Interface

21. Motherboard

22. Processor

23. Processor

24. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Select A B Y 1

25. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

26. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Select A B Y 1

27. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

28. Motherboard Chipset

29. Motherboard Chipset

30. Cache Memory
Level 2 Cache Memory

31. Memory Hierarchy

32. Memory Hierarchy

33. Memory 72-pin SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module)
168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)

34. Hard Drive

35. Hard Drive Capacity

36. Hard Drive Capacity

37. Solid State Drive (SSD)

38. Power Supply Unit

39. Motherboard

40. The Invisible Part: Computer Software

41. Software Layer Structure

42. Operating System

43. Desktop Operating System

44. Mobile Operating System

45. Types of Operating Systems
Single-user, single-tasking
Single-user, multi-tasking
Multi-user, multi-tasking
Real-time operating system

46. Single-User Single-Tasking
Single user can effectively do one thing at a time.
Also know as Embedded operating systems.
Used in personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones.

47. Single-User Multi-Tasking
Typical desktop and laptop operating systems such as Windows and Mac OS.
Single user can run several programs at the same time.

48. Multi-User Multi-Tasking
A multi-user operating system simultaneously allows many different users (hundreds or even thousands) to take advantage of the computer's resources.
Unix, MVS, VMS are examples.

49. Real-Time OS (RTOS)
The fastest OS which are used in time-critical environments/applications.
Control machinery, scientific instruments, industrial systems, sophisticated medical equipment, airport traffic, space flights and high speed aircraft.

50. Operating System

51. Operating System

52. Functions of Operating Systems
System Bootup
Application Program Loading
Hardware Resource Management
Memory Management
File System Management
Security
User Interface

53. Keep an on …
Future Technology

54. Mobile Computing

55. Cloud Computing

56. Neuromorphic Chips

57. Quantum Computer

58. Q & A