1. Abstract Since 2002, much research has been done across the country in the area of micro-electric mechanical systems as a potential solution to the pandemic problem of inefficient energy consumption. The team has built upon the feasibility research done at Berkeley and MIT to design and develop an intelligent environment control scheme with the hope of significantly reducing energy consumption in conference rooms. The objective of the project is to integrate three stand-alone components into one adaptive environment control system. The components are location detection, environment sensing, and output control. The team is attacking the problem by designing independent location and environment sensing systems and connecting them. Each sensing system is isolated to a group of “motes” dedicated to that application. The data collected is compiled and passed synchronously through a resilient “shortest-hop” data transmission scheme. The required outputs are then computed and sent via the shortest-route to the mote environment outputs. Error is controlled by redundancy checks between mote sensors, and is measured by comparing sensor readings within each group to lighting output. The final result is an integrated system which uses Passive Infrared sensors to accurately detect room entrance and exit, basic light sensors distributed across the network to provide accurate environment monitoring, and a low-error, low-power transmission and output system that adjusts room lighting. Previous Work The field of distributed wireless sensor networks (WSN) has grown substantially over the last decade. Largely through continued academic efforts, WSN’s have grown from slow proofs of concept to vehicles for commercial application. The widely recognized leaders in WSN, or “mote network” development, have been MIT’s Lincoln Lab and Berkeley’s BEST Lab, both of which have been supported by substantial monetary investments from the Department of Defense (Dust Networks, 2004). The application of mote networks to the area of “intelligent energy” began with BEST Lab’s web-publication of its highly regarded TinyOS operating system in 2000. Since that time developers around the world have adopted TinyOS as the standard for mote development due to its use of object-oriented nesC and seamless Java language integration. The applications for WSN’s have grown with the operating system, ranging from flexible perimeter detection to embedded earthquake monitoring, ivy-like ad-hoc networking to wildfire surveillance, but all of these applications rely on the motes’ ability to read and forward data, and localize each other. A flexible feedback system for efficient energy use has been a target from the start. Current WSN environment control projects include: Wireless Lighting System Under floor Air Distribution and Quality Control Acoustic Satisfaction Analysis Conference Room Monitoring System Group Members: Michael Benoit & Michael Swavola Advisor: Dr. Insup Lee University of Pennsylvania April 21, 2005 Lighting Control The X10 technology used in this project has been around for a number of years and is a cost-effective way to provide safe remote control of 110 VAC lamps and appliances from a PC. The basic X10 control module is placed into a standard home 110 VAC wall outlet. The item to be controlled, a lamp or appliance, in turn, is plugged into the X10 module. The control module awaits commands from the X10 transceiver, also plugged into a 110 VAC wall outlet. These commands are sent over 110 VAC wires in digital format to a specific control module. The X10 modules have an addressing scheme consisting of a letter and a number. Each control module has two rotary switches so a unique address can be set for a specific module controlling a specific lamp or appliance. In this way one transceiver can communicate to up to 16 individual control modules. Up to 16 transceivers can be in the same system giving a total capability of up to 256 control points. The X10 transceiver receives its commands from a serial interface that plugs into the 9-pin serial port on a PC and sends commands to the X10 transceiver over wireless RF. In this way the computer can safely control 110 VAC without having any high-power lines directly connected to it. We used an X10 driver known as BottleRocket to control the FireCracker kit. BottleRocket is a command-line interface for Unix systems which can be called from scripts and linked into other programs. The Mica2 and Mica2dot intelligent radio modules The MTS310CA sensor board for the Mica2 Software Hierarchy 1.PIR software collects data and sends average sensor readings to the base 2.The base mote collects data averages from the PIR and light-sensing motes. Messages are distinguished by group ID numbers as well as mote ID number. Dim and brighten messages are passed to the serial forwarder according to photo readings. On/off messages are determined by the PIR readings. 3. The serial forwarder receives incoming packets and converts them to TCP/IP packets to allow other programs to interact with the sensor network. The serial forwarder does not display the packet data itself, but rather updates the packet counters. Once running, the serial forwarder listens for network client connections on a given TCP port (9001 is the default), and simply forwards messages from the serial port to the network client connection, and vice versa. In this case, messages are passed to the BottleRocket driver to execute the appropriate commands and are returned to the serial forwarder to be sent back through the serial port. 4. The serial port is connected to the CM17A serial adapter for the X10 FireCracker kit which then transmits a command to the X10 transceiver. 5. The X10 transceiver sends the command across the 110VAC wires in digital format to the X10 Lamp Module where the lamp either brightens or dims. 6. The photo sensor on the light-sensing mote collects light output readings. 7. The light-sensing mote transmits its data to the base. 8. The PIR transmits an alarm message to the light-sensing mote indicating that it should collect data. BottleRocket Driver X10 Transceiver X10 Lamp Module PIR Detection Light Sensing Mote Base Mote 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group ID Mote Group 0Base 1PIR 2Photo