1. Gliding Scholarship Exercise 5 EFFECTS OF CONTROLS 2 CFS Gliding Examiners © 2008

2. Gliding Scholarship 1.To select the datum attitude and fly in balance and in trim. 2.To operate the airbrakes correctly. AIMS

3. Gliding Scholarship AIRMANSHIP

4. Gliding Scholarship

5. AIR EXERCISE

6. Gliding Scholarship Further Effect of Rudder Rudder input…

7. Gliding Scholarship …causes yaw

8. Gliding Scholarship So this wingmoves faster than this wing…

9. Gliding Scholarship …and the aircraft rolls This is the further effect of rudder...

10. Gliding Scholarship …and, if not corrected, results in a spiral descent. To recover from a spiral descent: Use coordinated controls to achieve wings level Pitch to achieve datum attitude Use rudder to achieve balanced flight

11. Gliding Scholarship Further Effect of Aileron Aileron input…

12. Gliding Scholarship …causes roll

13. Gliding Scholarship The aircraft sideslips…

14. Gliding Scholarship …and the fin causes the aircraft to yaw… …towards the lower wing

15. Gliding Scholarship So the further effect of aileron is yaw… …and, if not corrected, results in a spiral descent. To recover from a spiral descent:

16. Gliding Scholarship Use coordinated controls to achieve wings level Pitch to achieve datum attitude Use rudder to achieve balanced flight To recover from a spiral descent:

17. Gliding Scholarship Trimming aircraft flies itself – no need to apply pressure on the control column you need constant pressure on the control column to maintain the attitude In trim: Out of trim:

18. Gliding Scholarship When to trim: How to trim: SELECT the required attitude HOLD the attitude – wait for the speed to settle TRIM whenever the aircraft is out of trim, usually after a change of speed

19. Gliding Scholarship If you need forward pressure on the control column to hold the attitude…

20. Gliding Scholarship …move the trim lever forward to trim the aircraft

21. Gliding Scholarship Trimming Sequence Move trimmer to relieve the pressure on the control column Relax grip on control column. If the attitude changes, reselect it, hold and trim. First, trim by feel (coarse trimming): Next, trim by eye (fine trimming):

22. Gliding Scholarship Airbrakes Airbrakes are used to increase the rate of descent…

23. Gliding Scholarship Effects of Airbrake So, when you open the airbrakes: The lift to reduce, so the rate of descent increases The drag to increase, so the speed reduces The nose to pitch down Opening the airbrakes causes: A small amount of backpressure is required on the control column to prevent the nose pitching down Adjust the attitude to maintain the speed

24. Gliding Scholarship Effects of Airbrake …and when you close the airbrakes: Release the back pressure on the control column Adjust the attitude again to maintain the speed

25. Gliding Scholarship Rate of descent does not increase linearly: Airbrake in Airbrake half open Airbrake fully open

26. Gliding Scholarship Airbrake Precautions When using the airbrakes: Once unlocked, the airbrakes will try and open of their own accord – always keep a firm grip of the lever Never let go of the airbrake lever when it is unlocked

27. Gliding Scholarship THE END

28. Gliding Scholarship ? Any Questions

29. Gliding Scholarship Crown Copyright 2008 No part of this presentation may be reproduced without the permission of the issuing authority. The views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the MOD. C