1. Lab Skills Review 7A 2013

2. 1. The problem of an experiment is in the form of a ____. Question 2. A ______ is an educated guess to the problem of the experiment. Hypothesis

3. 3.

4. 4.The ___________ states whether your hypothesis is correct or incorrect. Conclusion 5.What would make the results of an experiment carried out by a research team valid? The experiment was repeated and the sample size was increased.

5. 6.The _______ group does not contain the independent variable. Control 7. What is measured is known as the ______ variable. dependent

6. 8. A new idea that is tested in a scientific experiment is known as the ________. hypothesis

7. 9. To test the effect of hormones on plant growth, 6 potted plant seedlings of the same species were measured and then sprayed with a growth hormone. After 4 weeks of growth under ideal conditions, the plants were measured again. a. How would you set up the control group? There should be another group with 6 plants that DO NOT receive water. b. Identify the independent and dependent variables. Independent variable: Growth hormone Dependent variable: Length of the seedling c. Give 2 factors that must be kept constant. The amount of water each plant receives. The temperature the plants were kept. The species of plant used. The amount of soil in each pot.

8. 10. You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a week. a.State the problem. What is the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish? b. Give a possible hypothesis. I think that feeding the goldfish three times a day will increase the mass of the goldfish the most. c. Identify the independent variable. The amount of food d. Identify the control group. The group of goldfish that were fed once a day.

9. 10. You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a week. e. Identify the dependent variable. The mass of the goldfish. f. Identify 2 controls (factors that must remain constant). Amount of fish in each group Temperature of the water Amount of light the fish are exposed to The original mass of the fish

10. 11. An experiment was done in which the heart rate of water fleas were measured after being placed in water at different temperatures. a. IV temperature b. DV Heart rate c. How would you label each axis on a line graph for this experiment? X axis = temp Y axis = heart rate d. What would be a proper title for this experiment? The effect of temperature on the heart rate of water fleas.

11. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 0 22 0 24 0 26 0 28 0 11. e. State the relationship between the average water flea heart rate and water temperature. As water temperature increases, the average water flea heart rate increases. Direct Relationship

12. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 0 22 0 24 0 26 0 28 0 f. What is the average flea heart rate at 15ºC? 118 beats/min g. What is the average flea heart rate at 30ºC? 240 beats/min

13. 12. Problem: Does an electric motor turn faster if you increase the voltage? a. IV voltage b. DV How fast the motor turns c. 1 constant Same motor

14. 13. Problem: Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar? a. IV temperature b. DV How much sugar dissolves c. 2 constants Type of sugar, how fast they stir it

15. 14. Problem: Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger? a. IV Amount of fertilizer b. DV growth c. 2 constants size of pot, same type of plant, amount of water, light

16. a. Identify the independent and dependent variables. IV = amount of spring rainfall DV = number of frogs in the pond b. State the relationship between the number of frogs in the pond. Direct relationship (as the amount of spring rainfall increases, the number of frogs in the pond also increases) c. How many frogs are present when there is 15cm of spring rainfall? 50 frogs 15.

17. 16. You want to test which size soccer is easier to juggle with your feet. You test the size 3, size 4, and size 5 ball. You count the number of seconds the ball stays in the air for each trial. You allow yourself to use both feet, knees and head to juggle the ball. a. Identify the independent variable. b. Identify the dependent variable. The size of the soccer balls. The number of seconds the ball stays in the air.

18. 16. You want to test which size soccer is easier to juggle with your feet. You test the size 3, size 4, and size 5 ball. You count the number of seconds the ball stays in the air for each trial. You allow yourself to use both feet, knees and head to juggle the ball. c. What can be done to increase the validity of the experiment. Repeat the experiment. Use a larger sample size.

19. 17. The results of one experiment carried out by a research team would be considered valid if 1. the experiment had no control setup 2. all the members of the research team came to the same conclusion 3. the experiment had more than one variable 4. the experiment was repeated and the same results were obtained each time

20. 18. Why do scientists make graphs of data from experiments? 1.to observe general trends and patterns in the data 2.to make the observed data more accurate 3.to prevent errors in measuring data 4.to help change the original data tables

21. 19. A new idea that is tested in a scientific experiment is known as a(an) 1.theory 2.hypothesis 3.inference 4.observation

22. 20. Which statement about the use of independent variables in controlled experiments is correct? 1.A different independent variable must be used each time an experiment is repeated. 2.The independent variables must involve time. 3.Only one independent variable is used for each experiment. 4.The independent variables state the problem being tested.

23. 21. An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin. In this investigation, the independent variable is the 1.control 2.exercise 3.rate of squeezing 4.number of participants

24. 22. An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin. In this investigation, the dependent variable is the 1.control 2.exercise 3.rate of squeezing 4.number of participants

25. 23. Which piece of equipment could be used to determine the mass of a frog? a.triple beam balance b.graduated cylinder c.beaker d.metric ruler

26. 24. The basic unit of volume in the metric system is the a.kilogram b.gallon c.liter d.mass

27. 25. Mass is best defined as the a.The amount of space an object takes up b.density of an object c.amount of matter in an object d.weight of an object

28. 26. To measure the volume of an irregular solid, a student can use a.a triple beam balance b.a beaker c.displacement in a graduated cylinder d.a thermometer

29. 27. The units for the volume of a solid is a.mL b.mm c.L d.cm 3

30. 28. The amount of space an object takes up is known as its a.mass b.density c.volume d.matter

31. 29. What is the definition of mass? The amount of matter in an object. 30. What is the name of the instrument used to measure mass? triple beam balance 31. What are the units used to measure mass? grams

32. 32. Determine the cm length at each letter to the nearest tenth. g = 9.7 cm e = 10.3 cm b = 11.3 cm j = 11.7 cm f = 12 cm a = 12.5 cm h= 12.95 cm

33. 01234 cm 8mm 33. What is the length of the object in millimeters? Centimeters? 0.8cm

34. 01234 cm 34. What is the length of the object in centimeters? 2.8cm

35. 332.7 g 35. Mass =

36. 57.1 g 36. Mass =

37. 345.7 g 37. Mass =

38. 38. Volume = ? Show all work 5.6 cm 8.4 cm 6.4 cm V = L x W x H V = 6.4 x 5.6 x 8.4 V = 301.1 cm³

39. 3.2 cm 12.1 cm 5 cm 39. Volume = ? Show all work. V = L x W x H V = 5 x 3.2 x 12.1 V = 193.6 cm³

40. 40. Measure the volume of the liquid to the right. 67mL 41. Measure the volume of the liquid to the left. 21mL

41. 42. Measure the volume of the liquid to the right. 43. Measure the volume of the liquid to the left. 2mL49mL

42. 44. What is the volume of this toy dinosaur? 0.8mL (5.6mL – 4.8mL) 45. What is the name of this method? displacement

43. 46. Volume of object = ? V1 =11.5 mLV2 = 20 mL V = 20 –11.5 V = 8.5 mL

44. 47. Temperature : When using the Celsius scale: a. water freezes at 0°C b. water boils = 100°C c. human body temperature is 37°C

45. 3 cm = _____ mm 15 cg = ____ mg 49 cm = ____ mm 103 cm = ____ mm 5 mm = _____ cm 19 mL = ____ cL 74 mm = ____ cm 158 mm = ____ cm 48. Convert the following measurements:

46. 3 cm = 30 mm 15 cg = 150 mg 49 cm = 490 mm 103 cm = 1,030 mm 5 mm = 0.5 cm 19 mL = 1.9 cL 74 mm = 7.4 cm 158 mm = 15.8 cm k hd ud c m

47. 49. Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 9.2 g and a volume of 14.3cm 3. What is its density? Show all work. 50. Frank also has an eraser. It has a mass of 3.3 g, and a volume of 1.5cm 3. What is its density? Show all work. D = m = 9.2 g = 0.6 g/cm 3 v 14.3cm 3 D = m = 3.3 g = 2.2 g/cm 3 v 1.5cm 3

48. 51. a. Which layer has the highest density? Green layer b. Which layer has the lowest density? Yellow layer c. Imagine that the liquids have the following densities: 10g/cm 3 3g/cm 3 6g/cm 3 5g/cm 3 Which number would go with which layer? Yellow = 3g/cm 3. Blue = 5g/cm 3. Red = 6g/cm 3 Green = 10g/cm 3

49. 52. Osmium is a very dense metal. a. What is its density in g/cm 3 if 50.00 g of the metal occupies a volume of 2.22cm 3 ? Show all work. D = mass = 50.00 g = volume2.22 cm 3 D = 22.5 g/cm 3 b. Will this object float in water? Why or why not? No, it will not float because it’s density is greater than the density of water. It will sink. c. If you cut this object into 4 pieces what will be the density of each piece ? 22.5 g/cm 3

50. 53. Which diagram represents the liquid layers in the cylinder? (K) Karo syrup (1.4 g/mL) (V) vegetable oil (0.91 g/mL,) (W) water (1.0 g/mL) K K W W W V V V K ABC

51. 54. What is density? Mass per unit volume 55. How is the density of an object measured? Density = mass/volume

52. 56. What is the density of one cup of water? 1g/mL 57. What is the density of half a cup of water? 1g/mL

53. 58. What is the density of a 100gram object with a volume of 20 milliliters? 5g/ml 59. The object above was cut into three pieces. What is the density of one of those pieces? 5g/ml

54. 60. Explain why an object placed in a glass of water floats. The object has a density less than the density of water ( 1g/ml).

55. 61. Explain why an object placed in a glass of water sinks. The object has a density more than the density of water ( 1g/ml).

56. 62. Below is a list of the densities of different object. Will each one float or sink in water? a. 0.38 g/cm 3 b. 1.7 g/cm 3 c. 1.2 g/cm 3 d. 0.99 g/cm 3 e. 100 g/cm 3 float sink