0. Chapter 9 Male Reproductive System
Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

1. Learning Objectives
Name, locate, and describe the functions of the organs of the male reproductive system.
Define some abnormal conditions and infections that affect the male reproductive system.
Differentiate among several types of sexually transmitted infections.

2. Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
Define many combining forms used to describe the structures of the this system.
Describe various laboratory tests and clinical procedures that are pertinent to the disorders of the male reproductive system, and recognize related abbreviations.
Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their contexts, such as medical reports and records.

3. Introduction
The male sex cell is called a spermatozoon, or sperm cell.
The sperm cell carries its nuclear hereditary material, or chromosomes, in its head region.
The tail consists of a flagellum, which makes the sperm cell mobile.
What are the parts of a sperm cell and what is the sperm cell’s purpose?
How does sperm navigate?

5. Introduction (cont’d.)
Only one spermatozoon out of 300 million sperm cells released during ejaculation can fertilize a single female ovum.
If more than one egg is present in the fallopian tubes during ejaculation, multiple fertilizations are possible.
Ask students to describe the process of fertilization.

7. Twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells are called fraternal twins.
Twins resulting from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm are called identical twins.
Fraternal twins. Notice the 6-week-old embryos in two separate amnionic sacs
What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?
Which twins are a perfect genetic match?

8. Introduction
The organs of the male reproductive system are designed to produce and release billions of sperm cells throughout the man’s lifetime.
The hormone called testosterone is responsible for the bodily characteristics of the male (such as beard, pubic hair and deeper voice).
Describe the role of testosterone.
What is the difference between the number of eggs vs. sperm cells?

9. Anatomy – page 313

10. Anatomy (cont’d.)
Internal structure of the testis and the epididymis

11. Anatomy (cont’d.)
The passage of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the outside of the body.

12. Vocabulary page 315
bulbourethral glands – pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra
epididymis (pl. epididymides) – tightly coiled tubes that carry sperm form the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
Flagellum – hair like projection on sperm that make it motile
fraternal twins – twins from two separate ova fertilized by two different sperm.
What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?
Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?
What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?
What is impotence?

13. Vocabulary
identical twins – two infants resulting from division of one fertilzed egg into two distinct embyros.
What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?
Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?
What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?
What is impotence?

14. Vocabulary – page 316
prostate gland – exocrine gland in men at the base of urinary bladder. Secretes the fluid part of semen
Scrotum – external sac that contains testes
Semen – sperm cells and seminal fluid
spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa) – sperm cell
What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?
Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?
What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?
What is impotence?

15. Prostate Gland

16. Vocabulary – page 316
testis (pl.: testes) – male gonad, produces sperm and hormone testosterone
Testosterone – hormone secreted by testes responsible for male sex characteristics
vas deferens – narrow tubes that carry sperm from epididymis into the body and toward the urethra.
What is the difference between a bulbourethral gland and the Cowper gland?
Which terms relate to the ejaculatory process?
What type of twin can produce conjoined twins?
What is impotence?

17. Vas Deferens

18. COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY – page 317
Combining Form Meaning
andr/o male
cry/o cold
crypt/o hidden
epididym/o epididymis
gon/o seed
hydr/o fluid/water

19. COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY – page 318
Combining Form Meaning
prostat/o prostate gland
semin/i semen/seed
terat/o monster
varic/o varicose veins
vas/o vessel, duct; vas deferens

20. “monster tumor”
Teratoma – benign tumor occuring in the testes

21. Varicocele
Varicocele – a collection of varicose veins above the testis

22. Vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vasa deferentia of a man are cut for the purpose of sterilization.

23. COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY- page 319
SUFFIXES
-genesis formation (spermatogensis)
-one hormone
-stomy new opening
Suffix Meaning

24. Pathologic Conditions- page 319-322
How is hydrocele treated?
What are the risks of an undescended testis?
How common is carcinoma of the testes?
What are varicoceles?
What is the treatment for testicular torsion?

25. Pathologic Conditions
How are carcinoma of the prostate and prostatic hyperplasia diagnosed?
How are they treated?

26. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) – page 322
Common Infections
chlamydial infection
Gonorrhea
herpes genitalis
syphilis
What are the symptoms of a chlamydial infection? Gonorrhea? Herpes genitalis? Syphilis?
What types of drugs are given to treat these infections?
Which infections can occur without symptoms?

27. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures – page 324
PSA test – measures prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated levels are associated with and enlarged prostate and may be a sign of prostate cancer
semen analysis – Sperm cells are examined for motility and shape. The number of sperm cells is also obtained.
What does the PSA test measure?
What does a semen analysis look for? When might this test be performed?

28. QUICK QUIZ: 2. What does the PSA test for? A. Levels of infection
B. Sperm Mobility
C. Sperm Motility
D. Levels of an antigen
CORRECT Answer is D, PSA tests for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. Elevated levels of PSA are associated with enlargement of the prostate gland and may be a sign of prostate cancer. .

29. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
What procedure treats prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? How is it performed?
What is the purpose of a digital rectal exam?

30. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Vasectomy
How does the urologist perform a vasectomy?
Are there any side affects to a vasectomy?
What is reversal of a vasectomy vasovasostomy

31. QUICK QUIZ: 3. What is the term that means removal of the prostate?
A. orchiectomy
B. prostatecomy
C. vasectomy
D. prostatitis
CORRECT Answer is b

32. ABBREVIATIONS BPH GU - genitourinary HSV- herpes simplex virus
PID - pelvic inflammatory disease
PSA - prostate specific antigen
RPR – rapid plasma reagin, test for syphilis

33. ABBREVIATIONS STI - sexually transmitted infection
TRUS – transrectal ultrasound test to assess prostate gland
TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate