1.  All members of 1 species within defined area.

2.  Distribution is often determined by needs of the organisms (food, water, mates, shelter, etc..)

3.  In random dispersion, the position of each individual is independent of the others.  Overall, dispersion depends on resource distribution. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 52.2c

4.  By contrast, uniform dispersion is when individuals are evenly spaced. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 52.2b

5.  Clumped dispersion is when individuals aggregate in patches. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 52.2a

6.  We define a change in population size based on the following verbal equation. Change in population = Births during –Deaths during size during time interval time interval time interval Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7.  Considerations: ◦ Natality: Birth rate. ◦ Immigration: Moving in. ◦ Mortality: Death rate. ◦ Emigration: Moving out. Populations increase when: Natality + Immigration > Mortality + Emigration

8. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 52.22

9.  Predictions of the human population vary from 7.3 to 10.7 billion people by the year 2050. ◦ Will the earth be overpopulated by this time? Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10.  a. male/female ratio  b. age distribution / 3 at reproductive age  c. species density: effects health, food & H20 supply - territory needs  d. climate, availability of shelter, predator numbers, adaptability, means of protection

11.  Reproductive strategy where the population puts more resources into development and long-term survival of each individual. This reproductive strategy is common in stable, unchanging environments  Examples: whales, sharks, humans.

12.  a) long life span  b) late maturity  c) large body size  d) reproducing many times over long periods of time.  e) one or two offspring per reproductive cycle

13.  Reproductive strategy where the population puts more resources into producing as many offspring as possible in a short period of time. This reproductive strategy is common in unstable or rapidly changing environments.  Examples: salmon (those that reproduce only once), protozoa, bacteria.

14.  a) short life span  b) early maturity (they are capable of reproducing very quickly)  c) small body size  d) reproduce only once  e) many offspring produced per reproductive cycle.

15. *Limiting factors: factors that cause population growth to decrease.

16. Affects ALL populations regardless of size. 1. Unusual weather 2. Natural disasters 3. Seasonal cycles 4. Certain human activities

17. Affects populations when the population reaches a certain size. 1. Competition - more organisms competing for the same resource  driving force behind evolution (those that have adaptations survive). 2. Predation 3. Parasitism/disease

18. ** Predator always follows the prey!