1. The Earth: Our Home

5. Spaceship Earth What colors represent the earth?  Blue—why?  Brown & Green—why?  White—why? Earth's changeable environments Most recent Geologic Epoch?

7. Start of Cenozoic

8. Organizing Humanity Paleolithic period  Simple stone tools and fire  Amount of available living space increased Allowed human movement Small isolated groups  Leisure Time: Cave paintings Formal communication, belief systems & customs The environmental result?

9. Organizing Humanity: Domestication of Plants Caring of plants  Different from plant domestication Plant domestication in the Holocene (last 10,000 years)  Southeast Asia  Combination of human settlements, forest margins, and freshwater streams  Root crops may have been first

12. Organizing Humanity: Domestication of Plants Planned cultivation of seed plants is complex (Nile?)  Majority believe it started in the Fertile Crescent Marked the beginning of the First Agricultural Revolution Interglaciation Effect

14. Organizing Humanity: Domestication of Animals Took place during same period as plant domestication Goats in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) Sheep in Anatolia (Turkey) Useful animals…

15. Organizing Humanity: Early Settlements and Networks Farm village network Social stratification  Nonfarmers vs. farmers  Creation of a social ladder Conflict and competition

16. Nazca-Wari-Inca Succession

17. Organizing Humanity: Early Settlements and Networks (cont.) Rise of cities in Southwest Asia uncertain Fertile Crescent not alone…

19. Organizing Humanity: The Next Stage of Human Development Political states had not yet developed Fertile Crescent gained political power:  Ancient Babylon

20. Ziggurat

21. Organizing Humanity: The Next Stage of Human Development Emergence of large cities = significant political and geographic developments Stage set for the rise of Greece and Rome Idea of “the state” spread Today Earth’s living space = > 200 states, dependencies, and other territories Few hunter-gatherer/subsistence farmers

22. Imprints of Humanity Why was the Holocene different? How did Holocene humanity transform the Earth?

23. Contemporary Framework: Land & Space

24. Contemporary Framework: Land & Climate

25. PEOPLE: LOCATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND DENSITY

26. What are the issues? Present distribution Population growth Migration and refugees Population policies

27. Elements of population geography Population and space Population distribution and density  Arithmetic population density: area of country/total population Physiologic population density

28. Population Density Isopleth Map

29. Population Density Dot Map

30. Major Population Concentrations

31. East & South Asia

32. Europe

33. North America

34. Major Population Concentrations Other regions  Southeast Asia  South America, Africa, and Australia do not have comparable population concentrations

35. Java

37. Australia South America

38. Major Population Concentrations Room to Grow:  South America and Australia Japan  Small island country with very limited farmlands  High population density  Mr. Baseball quote: “We take things and make them better…”

39. Discussion Question #1 You have been offered an extremely well-paid opportunity to lead a tour group consisting of travelers from North America to Australia and New Zealand. How could you use the Köppen Climate Classification System to help answer some of their questions?  The travelers are from Vancouver, Phoenix, Miami, and San Francisco

40. Discussion Question #2 Some of the world’s largest cities, such as Mumbai (Bombay), Shanghai, and Cairo, lie in countries that rank among the world’s least urbanized cities.  Explain this apparent contradiction