1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 6.4 Summary What Americans Value: Political Ideologies A political ideology is a coherent set of values and beliefs about public policy. The two most prominent ideologies in American politics are conservatism and liberalism. These ideologies guide people’s thinking on policy issues. To Learning Objectives

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 6.4 Summary What Americans Value: Political Ideologies (cont.) 62% of Americans call themselves either conservatives or liberals. Americans are conservative (36%) in principle but liberal (26%) in practice; that is, they are against big government but favor more spending on a wide variety of programs. To Learning Objectives

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Americans are more likely to be. A.conservative than liberal B.liberal than conservative C.moderate than conservative D.moderate than liberal LO 6.4 To Learning Objectives

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Americans are more likely to be. A.conservative than liberal B.liberal than conservative C.moderate than conservative D.moderate than liberal LO 6.4 To Learning Objectives

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 6.5 Summary How Americans Participate in Politics Conventional participation includes voting, writing letters or e-mails to public officials, attending political meetings, signing petitions, and giving money to campaigns and political groups. To Learning Objectives

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 6.5 Summary How Americans Participate in Politics (cont.) Unconventional participation includes attending protest demonstrations and acts of civil disobedience. Citizens of higher social economic status participate more in American politics. To Learning Objectives

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following type of political participation is most common in the United States? A.Protesting a governmental policy. B.Litigating through the court system. C.Writing to a member of Congress. D.Voting in elections. LO 6.5 To Learning Objectives

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following type of political participation is most common in the United States? A.Protesting a governmental policy. B.Litigating through the court system. C.Writing to a member of Congress. D.Voting in elections. LO 6.5 To Learning Objectives

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 6.6 Summary Understanding Public Opinion and Political Action Conservatives think the scope of government has become too wide in recent decades. Liberals believe the scope of government should be further increased and support the 2010 Health Insurance Reform Act. To Learning Objectives

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Public opinion polls reveal that Americans are ideological liberals but operational conservatives. oppose the idea of big government in principle but favor it in practice. favor the idea of big government in principle but oppose it in practice. are ideological moderates. LO 6.6 To Learning Objectives

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Public opinion polls reveal that Americans are ideological liberals but operational conservatives. oppose the idea of big government in principle but favor it in practice. favor the idea of big government in principle but oppose it in practice. are ideological moderates. LO 6.6 To Learning Objectives

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.1 Summary The Mass Media Today Politicians stage media events for the primary purpose of getting attention from the media. These events are artfully stage-managed to present the intended message. Campaign commercials are also carefully crafted to convey specific images and information. To Learning Objectives

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Media events are purposely staged for the media and are significant just because the media are _________. A.high-tech. B.there. C.technology. D.politics. LO 7.1 To Learning Objectives

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Media events are purposely staged for the media and are significant just because the media are _________. A.high-tech. B.there. C.technology. D.politics. LO 7.1 To Learning Objectives

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.2 Summary The Development of Media Politics Newspapers were long the dominant media for news. Since the emergence of television they have been on the decline. Internet accelerated the decline of newspaper reading, and newspapers failed to establish profitability for their online editions. To Learning Objectives

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.2 Summary The Development of Media Politics (cont.) Nightly network news broadcasts on CBS, NBC, and ABC were the #1 means by which Americans got their news from the 1960s through the 1980s. Since cable and cable news they have seen their audiences shrink, as TV has moved from broadcasting to the narrowcasting era. To Learning Objectives

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.2 Summary The Development of Media Politics (cont.) The Internet provides more access to political information than ever possible before. Campaigns and political activists have been able to use the Internet to organize for political action and to get specially targeted messages out. To Learning Objectives

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The trend toward more negative and cynical news coverage began during the _______. A.Great Depression. B.Korean War. C.Vietnam War. D.Persian Gulf War. LO 7.2 To Learning Objectives

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The trend toward more negative and cynical news coverage began during the _______. A.Great Depression. B.Korean War. C.Vietnam War. D.Persian Gulf War. LO 7.2 To Learning Objectives

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.3 Summary Reporting the News The media define “news” largely as events that are unusual and out of the ordinary. Because of economic pressures, the media are biased in favor of stories with high drama that will attract people’s interest instead of extended analyses of complex issues. To Learning Objectives

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following factors best account(s) for what is considered newsworthy? A.A story’s high entertainment value. B.A story’s high informational value. C.A story’s high political value. D.All of the above. LO 7.3 To Learning Objectives

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following factors best account(s) for what is considered newsworthy? A.A story’s high entertainment value. B.A story’s high informational value. C.A story’s high political value. D.All of the above. LO 7.3 To Learning Objectives

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.4 Summary The News and Public Opinion Media shapes the political agenda. What issues Americans think about is much influenced by which issues the media choose to cover. The media are like a searchlight, bringing one episode and then another out of darkness and into the public eye. To Learning Objectives

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following characterizes how media affect public opinion? A.Media affect which issues the public finds to be important. B.Media affect the public’s evaluation of elected officials. C.Media affect knowledgeable citizens’ policy agendas. D.All of the above. LO 7.4 To Learning Objectives

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following characterizes how media affect public opinion? A.Media affect which issues the public finds to be important. B.Media affect the public’s evaluation of elected officials. C.Media affect knowledgeable citizens’ policy agendas. D.All of the above. LO 7.4 To Learning Objectives

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.5 Summary Policy Entrepreneurs and Agenda Setting Policy entrepreneurs seek to influence the policy agenda by getting the media to pay attention to the issues that concern them. They use strategies to obtain media coverage, including press releases, press conferences, letter writing, and staging dramatic events. To Learning Objectives

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Policy entrepreneurs’ arsenal of weapons includes __________. A.press releases. B.press conferences. C.letter writing. D.all of the above. LO 7.5 To Learning Objectives

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Policy entrepreneurs’ arsenal of weapons includes __________. A.press releases. B.press conferences. C.letter writing. D.all of the above. LO 7.5 To Learning Objectives

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.6 Summary Understanding the Mass Media The media’s role as a watchdog over government sometimes constrains expansions of the scope of government by being skeptic about what government can accomplish. On the other hand, media crusades against injustices sometimes serve to encourage government to take on increased responsibilities. To Learning Objectives

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman LO 7.6 Summary Understanding the Mass Media The media’s superficial coverage of policy issues is criticized by many democratic theorists. Yet, members of the media argue in their own defense that they are only providing the sort of coverage of politics that draws the biggest audiences. To Learning Objectives

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Television’s emphasis on the individual has the effect of encouraging __________. A.greater news coverage of the Supreme Court. B.greater news coverage of Congress. C.greater news coverage of ordinary voters. D.greater news coverage of the presidency. LO 7.6 To Learning Objectives

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Television’s emphasis on the individual has the effect of encouraging __________. A.greater news coverage of the Supreme Court. B.greater news coverage of Congress. C.greater news coverage of ordinary voters. D.greater news coverage of the presidency. LO 7.6 To Learning Objectives