1. Notes on Land, Long Run Food Security and The Agrarian Crisis in India Sheila Bhalla

2. Three Interconnected Themes The international and Indian take on control over land (and water) The distinction between an agricultural crisis and an agrarian crisis The link between declining land/man ratios and slowed and negative growth in agricultural worker productivity

3. Two International Documents and Two Indian Documents The IFPRI Policy Brief (2009) Land Grabbing by Foreign Investors in Developing Countries The FAO Background paper (2011) on the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) An Indian Supreme Court Judgment (23 Nov.2011) Indias New National Water Policy 2012

5. Household Ownership of Land: Rural India by NSS Rounds - 1961-62 to 2003 Item 1961-62 17 th 1971-72 26 th 1982 37 th 1992 48 th 2003 59 th 1. Estimated number of households (million) 72.378.293.5116.2147.8 2. Estimated area owned (million ha) 128.7119.6119.7117.4107.2 3. Average area (ha) Owned per household 2.01 (1.78) 1.69 (1.53) 1.44 (1.28) 1.14 (1.01) 0.81 (0.73) 4. Estimated number of landless households 8.47.510.613.114.8 5. Percentage of landless Households 11.689.6411.3311.2510.04

6. Average Area Owned per Household by Social Group and Share in Households of each Social Group: Rural India, 2003 State Characte ristics Social Group STSCOBCOthersAll Rural Average Area Owned (ha) 0.7670.3040.7581.0030.725 Share in Househol ds (%) 10.521.641.626.3100

7. Share of Ownership Holdings by Size Category: Rural India by NSS Rounds, 1971-72 to 2003 Category of Holdings Share of Ownership Holdings by Size Category. 1971-72 26 th 1982 37 th 1992 48 th 2003 59 th 1. Marginal (1.000 ha or less) 62.6266.6471.8879.60 2. Small (1.001- 2.000 ha) 15.4914.7013.4210.80 3. Semi- medium (2.001- 4.000 ha) 11. 9410.789.286.00 4. Medium (4.001-10.000 ha) 7.836.454.543.00 5. Large (>10.000 ha) 2.121.420.880.60

9. All India Rural Land/Man Ratios 1972-73 to 2004-05

10. Trends in Per Worker Productivity in Agriculture, All India, with Notes on State Level Variations and Changes: 1962-65, 1980-83, 1990-93, 2003-06 Agricultural Worker ProductivityAnnual Compound Growth Rates (Rs per Agricultural Worker, 1990-93 prices) (%) 1962-651980-831990-932003-0619962-651980-89 to1990-93 to1962-65 to to1990-932003-06 1980-83 4, 3335,06860136,7080.881.720.851.07 Coefficients of Variation for 17 States 60.2571.6682.2387.17144.1478.23183.1171.07

11. CONTD States where Agricultural Labour Productivity Declined (Number and Name) States where Growth Rates Decelerated (Number and Name) 1962-651980-83 to1990-93 to1962-65 to1980-83 to 1990-93 over 1962-65 to 1980-83 1990-93 to 2003-06 over 1980-83 to 1990-93 to1990-932003-06 1980-83 52414 out of 1711 out of 17 Bihar, Kerala, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal Bihar Gujarat Bihar, Haryana Assam, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh Bihar, Haryana, Himachal, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal Himachal Pradesh Tamil Nadu

12. Annual Compound Growth Rates of per Worker Productivity in Agriculture, Agricultural Workers, and Value of Agricultural Production (in constant 1990-93 prices) State 1962-65 to 1980-831980-83 to 1990-931990-93 to 2003-061962-65 to 2003-06 Agric worker Productivity Agric Agric Output Agric worker Productivity Agric workers Agric Agric worker Productivity Agric Agric output Agric worker Agric workers Agric output work ers Outp ut work ers Andhra Pradesh 0.861.532.41.851.733.611.950.422.371.451.222.69 Bihar 1.671.152.840.531.962.51.63-0.860.751.380.712.09 Gujarat -1.291.08-0.22-0.092.342.25-2.012.180.13-1.231.730.49 Haryana 1.191.722.93-0.742.151.394.160.8151.641.543.2 Haryana 2.391.33.723.111.84.97-0.993.332.31.482.063.57 Himachal Pradesh 1.380.531.921.441.683.15-1.362.431.030.521.411.94 Jammu & Kashmir 2.172.334.550.48-0.20.281.01-0.140.861.390.922.22 Karnataka 1.151.432.61.392.013.430.70.61.31.061.312.39 Kerala -0.852.181.311.650.42.064.14-4.34-0.381.32-0.360.95 Madhya Pradesh 0.421.351.782.192.294.530.81.652.460.971.672.66

13. CONTD Maharashtra 0.311.341.650.61.962.581.890.712.620.881.292.19 Orissa -0.21.541.332.431.453.910.090.330.420.531.131.66 Punjab 2.442.464.973.490.914.441.520.081.62.41.323.76 Rajasthan 1.31.422.742.982.595.641.042.163.221.620.81.21 Tamil Nadu -0.631.530.893.291.324.66-0.33-0.6-0.930.411.943.59 Uttar Pradesh 1.830.922.771.612.464.110.271.241.521.281.42.69 West Bengal -0.411.961.554.731.76.510.881.792.691.241.843.1 All India 0.881.42.291.722.063.820.850.971.821.071.422.51

14. Percent Contributions of Specified Factors to Differences in Agricultural Worker Productivity (Punjab versus others): All India 2003-06 Triennium Percent Contribution of Factors to Differences in Agricultural Worker Productivity Land/Man Ratio TechnologyCropping Intensity Infrastructur e Rural Literacy Residual 33.6228.548.6813.163.4712.53

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