1. Pre AP Agriculture Hearths
Key Issue 1 Chapter 10 of AP Human Geography next semester 

2. Question:
If we lived in Marietta during the hunting and gathering period what types of plants and animals might we have eaten? Use whatever knowledge of the area you might have or guess if you have to.

3. Let’s define:
Hearth
Hinterland
Diffusion

4. Agricultural Origins & Regions
Origins of agriculture
Hunters and gatherers
Transition to sedentary lifestyle. Jarmo and other early agricultural settlements.
Invention of agriculture leads to the “Big 4” primary effects:
Urbanization
Social Stratification
Occupational specialization
Increase in world population

5. Agricultural Hearths Locate agricultural hearths.
Read Key Issue 1, Chapter 10 in APHG textbook.
Explain vegetative planting vs. seed agriculture vs. animal domestication.
Create annotated world map of vegetative planting, seed agriculture and animal domestication.

6. First, label one map Vegetative Planting and the other map Seed Hearths and Animal Domestication.
Next we will make a key and then we will create our annotated maps using the maps that follow.

7. Vegetative Planting Hearths
Fig. 10-1: There were several main hearths, or centers of origin, for vegetative crops (roots & tubers, etc.), from which the crops diffused to other areas. Carl Sauer suggested that Southeast Asia was a primary hearth.

8. Seed Agriculture Hearths
Fig. 10-2: Seed agriculture also originated in several hearths and diffused from those elsewhere.

9. Important names in agriculture and human geography
Carl Sauer.
Cultural geography.
Seed hearths.
Jared Diamond
Geographic Determinism.
Thomas Malthus and Ester Boserup.
Both had (differing) ideas on the relationship between food and increasing population.

10. Thomas Malthus on Population
Malthus predicted:
population would outrun food supply
decrease in food per person.
Assumptions
Populations grow exponentially.
Food supply grows arithmetically.
Food shortages and chaos inevitable.

11. Boserup: Subsistence Agriculture and Population
“Necessity is the mother of invention”
Intensification of Food Production
Was an optimist… “where there is a will, there is a way”.
May even have a surplus. Surplus is key for trade!
Boserup: Subsistence Agriculture and Population

12. Comparison of the two theories
Boserup
Population determines agricultural methods.
People will find a way (inventions) to produce more food… this is called intensification.
High population can be an advantage… forces people to invent/ adjust.
Can’t change lifestyle, so we need to change subsistence methods.
Malthus
Agriculture determines population.
People will begin to die off when the food supply can’t keep up.
High population a problem, agriculture can’t keep up.
Deals with food supply and population, not just subsistence agriculture like Boserup.

13. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY SAMPLE FRQs
Shifting Cultivation Question: FRQ 2012 #2
Malthus Theory: FRQ 2011 #2
Sample Responses: Writing more does not mean your response will be scored better. You MUST answer the question that is being asked.