1. Conceptual Physical Science 5th Edition
Chapter 10:
Waves and Sound
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. A wiggle in time is a A. vibration. wave. both of these.
D. neither of these.
A. vibration.

3. A wiggle in time is a A. vibration. wave. both of these.
D. neither of these.
Comment:
And a wiggle in time that transports energy from one place to another is a wave.
A. vibration.

4. When we consider how frequently a pendulum swings to and fro, we’re talking about its
A. frequency.
period.
wavelength.
D. amplitude.
A. frequency.

5. When we consider how frequently a pendulum swings to and fro, we’re talking about its
A. frequency.
period.
wavelength.
D. amplitude.
Comment:
And when we talk about the time that occurs for one complete vibration, we’re talking about its period.
A. frequency.

6. The speed of sound in air at room temperature is about
A. 300,000,000 m/s.
340 m/s.
100 m/s.
D m/s.
B m/s.

7. The speed of sound in air at room temperature is about
A. 300,000,000 m/s.
340 m/s.
100 m/s.
D m/s.
B m/s.

8. The frequency of a wave is the inverse of its
A. frequency.
period.
wavelength.
D. amplitude.
B. period.

9. The frequency of a wave is the inverse of its
A. frequency.
period.
wavelength.
D. amplitude.
Explanation:
Note the inverse relationship:  = 1/T, T = 1/. So, we can also say the period of a wave is the inverse of its frequency.
B. period.

10. The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a transverse wave is its
A. frequency.
period.
wavelength.
D. amplitude.
C. wavelength.

11. The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a transverse wave is its
A. frequency.
period.
wavelength.
D. amplitude.
Explanation:
The wavelength of a transverse wave is also the distance between adjacent troughs, or between any adjacent identical parts of the waveform.
C. wavelength.

12. In Europe, an electric razor completes 50 vibrations within 1 second
In Europe, an electric razor completes 50 vibrations within 1 second. The frequency of these vibrations is
A. 50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.
1/50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.
50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.
D. 1/50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.
A Hz with a period of 1/50 second.

13. In Europe, an electric razor completes 50 vibrations within 1 second
In Europe, an electric razor completes 50 vibrations within 1 second. The frequency of these vibrations is
A. 50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.
1/50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.
50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.
D. 1/50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.
Explanation:
Note when  = 50 Hz, T = 1/ = 1/(50 Hz) = 1/50 second.
A Hz with a period of 1/50 second.

14. Compared with the speed of a sound wave, a radio wave travels
A. most often, faster.
faster always in all conditions.
about the same speed as a sound wave in the same temperature air.
D. slower under some conditions.
B. faster always in all conditions.

15. Compared with the speed of a sound wave, a radio wave travels
A. most often, faster.
faster always in all conditions.
about the same speed as a sound wave in the same temperature air.
D. slower under some conditions.
Explanation:
A radio wave is electromagnetic, and travels at the speed of light!
B. faster always in all conditions.

16. If you dip your finger repeatedly onto the surface of still water, you produce waves. The more frequently you dip your finger, the
A. lower the wave frequency and the longer the wavelengths.
higher the wave frequency and the shorter the wavelengths.
Strangely, both of the above.
D. Neither of the above.
B. higher the wave frequency and the shorter the wavelengths.

17. If you dip your finger repeatedly onto the surface of still water, you produce waves. The more frequently you dip your finger, the
A. lower the wave frequency and the longer the wavelengths.
higher the wave frequency and the shorter the wavelengths.
Strangely, both of the above.
D. Neither of the above.
B. higher the wave frequency and the shorter the wavelengths.

18. The vibrations along a longitudinal wave move in a direction
A. along the wave.
perpendicular to the wave.
Both of the above.
D. Neither of the above.
A. along the wave.

19. The vibrations along a longitudinal wave move in a direction
A. along the wave.
perpendicular to the wave.
Both of the above.
D. Neither of the above.
Comment:
And the vibrations along a transverse wave are at right angles to the direction of wave travel.
A. along the wave.

20. A common example of a longitudinal wave is
A. sound.
light.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
A. sound.

21. A common example of a longitudinal wave is
A. sound.
light.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
Comment:
And a common example of a transverse wave is light.
A. sound.

22. The kind of wave produced by a vibrating source is
A. sound.
light.
Both of the above.
D. Neither of the above.
C. Both of the above.

23. The kind of wave produced by a vibrating source is
A. sound.
light.
Both of the above.
D. Neither of the above.
Comment:
The source of all waves is a vibrating source.
C. Both of the above.

24. The kind of wave whose speed is given by the equation speed = frequency  wavelength is
A. sound.
light.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
C. Both of the above.

25. The kind of wave whose speed is given by the equation speed = frequency  wavelength is
A. sound.
light.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
C. Both of the above.

26. The reflection of a sound wave is known as its
pitch.
B. harmony.
C. echo.
D. virtual image.
C. echo.

27. The reflection of a sound wave is known as its
pitch.
B. harmony.
C. echo.
D. virtual image.
C. echo.

28. Low-pitched sounds have
A. low frequencies.
long periods.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
C. Both of the above.

29. Low-pitched sounds have
A. low frequencies.
long periods.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
Explanation:
A low frequency has a long period. If you missed this, be careful in answering too quickly.
C. Both of the above.

30. The speed of sound varies with
A. amplitude.
frequency.
temperature.
D. All of the above.
C. temperature.

31. The speed of sound varies with
A. amplitude.
frequency.
temperature.
D. All of the above.
Explanation:
Although loudness varies with amplitude, and pitch varies with frequency, speed is not influenced by amplitude and frequency. If it were, sitting in the back row at a concert would be quite confusing.
C. temperature.

32. When an object is set vibrating by a wave that has a frequency that matches the natural frequency of the object, what occurs is
A. forced vibration.
resonance.
refraction.
D. diffraction.
B. resonance.

33. When an object is set vibrating by a wave that has a frequency that matches the natural frequency of the object, what occurs is
A. forced vibration.
resonance.
refraction.
D. diffraction.
Comment:
Resonance occurs when you tune a radio to an incoming radio signal.
B. resonance.

34. The law of reflection applies to
A. light.
sound.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
C. Both of the above.

35. The law of reflection applies to
A. light.
sound.
Both of the above.
D. None of the above.
C. Both of the above.

36. Compared with a dry road, seeing is difficult when driving at night on a wet road. Why?
A. Wet surface is smooth with less diffuse reflection, part of which would otherwise reach the driver’s eyes.
Wet road usually means a wet windshield.
Wet road usually means more vapor in the air.
D. There is no reason—that’s just the way it is.
A. Wet surface is smooth with less diffuse reflection, part of which would otherwise reach the driver’s eyes.

37. Compared with a dry road, seeing is difficult when driving at night on a wet road. Why?
A. Wet surface is smooth with less diffuse reflection, part of which would otherwise reach the driver’s eyes.
Wet road usually means a wet windshield.
Wet road usually means more vapor in the air.
D. There is no reason—that’s just the way it is.
A. Wet surface is smooth with less diffuse reflection, part of which would otherwise reach the driver’s eyes.

38. Refraction occurs when a wave travels from
A. air to water.
water to air.
a dense part of a medium to a less dense part, air for example.
All of the above.
D. All of the above.

39. Refraction occurs when a wave travels from
A. air to water.
water to air.
a dense part of a medium to a less dense part, air for example.
All of the above.
Explanation:
Refraction occurs when the speed of wave travel changes.
D. All of the above.

40. An object’s natural frequency depends on its
elasticity.
B. shape.
C. Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
C. Both of these.

41. An object’s natural frequency depends on its
elasticity.
B. shape.
C. Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
Explanation:
In order for an object to vibrate, it needs to have enough force to pull itself back to its starting position as well as enough energy to maintain its vibration.
C. Both of these.

42. Interference is a property of
A. sound.
light.
Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
C. Both of these.

43. Interference is a property of
A. sound.
light.
Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
Explanation:
See Figure to see illustrations of both light and sound interference. Interestingly, the presence of interference tells a physicist whether something is wavelike or not. All types of waves can interfere.
C. Both of these.

44. When a fire engine approaches you, the
A. speed of its sound increases.
frequency of sound increases.
wavelength of its sound increases.
D. All increase.
B. frequency of sound increases.

45. When a fire engine approaches you, the
A. speed of its sound increases.
frequency of sound increases.
wavelength of its sound increases.
D. All increase.
Comment:
Be sure you distinguish between sound, speed, and sound frequency.
B. frequency of sound increases.

46. The Doppler effect occurs for
A. sound.
light.
Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
C. Both of these.

47. The Doppler effect occurs for
A. sound.
light.
Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
Explanation:
The Doppler effect occurs for sound (Figure 10.32) and for light, the red and blue shifts discussed in Section 10.8.
C. Both of these.

48. What does NOT occur with the Doppler effect are changes in
A. frequency due to motion.
the speed of sound due to motion.
Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
B. the speed of sound due to motion.

49. What does NOT occur with the Doppler effect are changes in
A. frequency due to motion.
the speed of sound due to motion.
Both of these.
D. Neither of these.
B. the speed of sound due to motion.

50. The regions of a standing wave with zero amplitude are known as
A. overtones.
antinodes.
troughs.
D. nodes.
D. nodes.

51. The regions of a standing wave with zero amplitude are known as
A. overtones.
antinodes.
troughs.
D. nodes.
D. nodes.

52. Sound waves can be cancelled by the process of
A. multiple reflections.
double refraction.
resonance.
D. None of these.
D. None of these.

53. Sound waves can be cancelled by the process of
A. multiple reflections.
double refraction.
resonance.
D. None of these.
Comment:
Waves in general can be cancelled by interference.
D. None of these.

54. When two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together, one will hear
A. louder sound.
fainter sound.
a succession of alternating loud and faint sounds.
two simultaneous sounds at the same time.
C. a succession of alternating loud and faint sounds.

55. When two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together, one will hear
A. louder sound.
fainter sound.
a succession of alternating loud and faint sounds.
two simultaneous sounds at the same time.
Comment:
One hears beats.
C. a succession of alternating loud and faint sounds.

56. The lowest frequency of vibration in a musical instrument is known as the
A. fundamental frequency.
beat.
second harmonic.
D. last harmonic.
A. fundamental frequency.

57. The lowest frequency of vibration in a musical instrument is known as the
A. fundamental frequency.
beat.
second harmonic.
D. last harmonic.
A. fundamental frequency.

58. The source of a sonic boom
A. must itself be an emitter of sound.
is not an emitter of sound.
may or may not be an emitter of sound.
None of the above.
C. may or may not be an emitter of sound.

59. The source of a sonic boom
A. must itself be an emitter of sound.
is not an emitter of sound.
may or may not be an emitter of sound.
None of the above.
C. may or may not be an emitter of sound.

60. A sonic boom is the result of wave
A. interference.
resonance.
superposition.
D. reflection and refraction.
C. superposition.

61. A sonic boom is the result of wave
A. interference.
resonance.
superposition.
D. reflection and refraction.
C. superposition.