1. John Krienke jcwk@umich.edu 1

2. Spell Check? Separated at birth?  John Krenicki, GE E  John Krienke, Gee … 2

3. 45 minute  Internet2 : From One Goal to Many  Networks  Science  Health Science  Teaching and Learning  Arts and Humanities  Multicast  Trust and Identity  The Participatory Me 3

4. Apollo 13: Make it up together 4

5. Central ---> Distributed 5

6. The NSFNet Backbone Network 1986- 1988 6

7. October 1 1996, 1998 Live backbone network  34 Universities Commit to Internet2 Project 7

8. 8 No meter running, unlimited bandwidth

9. 9 An Asset for the Community Universities Researchers Regional Networks K-12 Industry International An Asset for the Community Universities Researchers Regional Networks K-12 Industry International

10. Internet2 Adjacency Quote: “It could be said that Internet2 was founded for the purpose of creating a network for collaboration among institutions.” 1. Convene the Community 2. Successes of the Members 10

11. Wealth of Nations  Unconventional views reveal new links  Adjancies in infrastructure and platform  New applications of current technologies (Abstract Physicists meet Economic Realists) 11

12. Internet2 Universities 209 University Members 12 http://members.internet2.edu/university/universities.cfm

13. 13

14. Central ---> Distributed 14

15. What’s Coming. Members@work  Science  Health Sciences  Arts & Humanities  Teaching and Learning  Multicast  Middleware: Trust and the Identity Layer 15

16. SCIENCE:  Old: Science in the ‘20s and ’30s: The Lab as Empire  Niels Bohr (atomic structure, quantum mechanics)  Arthur Compton (x-ray scattering)  Ernest Rutherford (atomic structure)  New: Fundamentals have changed  Questions are harder  Equipment more expensive  Same mix: Cooperation and Competition 16

17. Large Science Facility  People  3000 CERN employees  6500 visiting scientists from 500 Universities in 80 countries  Physical Size  27 Km circumference  9300 magnets  7 Tev nominal proton energy  600 million collisions per second  Experimental Facilities  ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment)– Study quark-gluon plasma  ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) – Search for Higgs boson  CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) – Search for Higgs boson  LHCb (LHC-beauty) – Study the CP violation phenomenon  Totem Total Cross Section, Elastic Scattering and Diffraction Dissociation)– Measure the effective size of a proton  LHCf (LHC-forward) – Study astroparticle physics 17

18. European Organization for Nuclear Research 18

19. Large Hadron Collider  Circumference of 26.659 kilometres (16.5 miles) 19

20. 20

21. ATLAS 21

22. ATLAS Tier’ed Hierarchy ATLAS Computing Model Overview Shawn McKee 22 Tier 1 Tier2 Online System Offline Farm, CERN Computer Ctr ~25 TIPS BNL France Italy Italy UK InstituteInstituteInstitute Institute ~0.25TIPS Workstations ~200-1500 MBytes/sec 100 - 10000 Mbits/sec Physicists work on analysis “channels” Each institute has ~10 physicists working on one or more channels ~PByte/sec 10-40 Gbits/sec Tier2Tier2 NE Tier2 ~1-10+ Gbps Tier 0 +1 Tier 3 Tier 4 AGLTier2 Tier 2 CERN/Outside Resource Ratio ~1:4 Tier0/(  Tier1)/(  Tier2) ~1:2:2 ATLAS version from Harvey Newman’s original Physics data cache 22

23. VLBI  Astronomers collect data about a star from earth based antennae.  End goal is to send data at 1Gb/s from over 20 antennae located around the globe. 23 Types of network usage: Long time duration data streaming Distributed data storage, real-time dynamic retrieval, and distributed processing

24. NEES – Earthquake Research  Remote control of computer simulations  Video is crucial for conferencing and as scientific data  Types of network usage:  Remote control of resources  Bulk data transfer and distributed data storage  Video as data 24

25. Grid Computing Seti @ Home  UC Berkeley experiment in the late ‘90s:  over 5.2 million participants worldwide  SETI@home computes over 424 TeraFLOPS.  Blue Gene (currently the world's fastest supercomputer) has a sustained rate of 478 TFLOPS. 25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI@home

26. 26

27. Grid Computing  The Extensible Terascale Facility, or TeraGrid, is the world's largest, most comprehensive, distributed infrastructure for open scientific research and is being used by researchers from diverse scientific and engineering fields.  The TeraGrid facility is an integrated portfolio of over 20 high-performance computational (HPC) systems, several specialized visualization resources and storage archives, and a dedicated interconnection network.  Computing, storage, and visualization services  4,000 users at the close of 2006  http://www.teragrid.org/about/docs/TG- Annual-2007-Pub.pdf  Infectious disease models, re-creating the big bang, tornado prediction, … 27

28. Remote Instrumentation 28 Gemini Observatory Mauna Kea, Hawaii At 14,000 ft. Mystic Aquarium University of Connecticut VBrick Systems Monterey Bay University of California, Santa Cruz

29. 29 EACH BRAIN REPRESENTS A LOT OF DATA Comparisons must be made across several image sets Slide courtesy of Arthur Toga (UCLA)

30. Health Sciences and Medicine  Haptics: Transcontinental stereoscopic robotic surgical intervention  3D Digital anatomy  FCC: Rural TeleHealth Pilot 30

31. Teaching and Learning: Master Classes Active involvement…  Columbia University  Manhattan School of Music  Cleveland Institute of Music  New World Symphony  Curtis Institute of Music  University of Michigan  Eastman School of Music  University of Oklahoma  Florida State University  Wayne State University  Indiana University  And many others…… 31 Michael Tilson Thomas Pinchas Zukerman

32. Megaconference: H.323 Videoconferencing 32

33.  Miró Quartet via High Definition Television (HDTV) and 10.2 channel immersive sound  Dr. Robert Ballard’s live return to the Titanic from satellite to MPEG-2 and MPEG-4  Shoah Foundation Institute: 180 Terabytes of Holocaust testimonies accessed by university partners  Philadelphia Orchestra’s new Global Concert Series over Internet2 networks to an international theater audience Arts & Humanities 33

34. Advanced Video Initiatives  HD H.323  HD MPEG2/4  DVTS/HD DVTS  Ultragrid  iHDTV  4K 34

35. HD H.323  High Definition (720p) video  Low bandwidth (1 – 5 Mbps)  Acceptable latency for collaboration (~300 ms)  Heavily compressed video, heavily to moderately compressed audio  Polycom: http://www.polycom.com/  Lifesize: http://www.lifesize.com/  Tandberg: http://www.tandberg.com/ Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier 35

36. HD MPEG2/4  High Definition (720p or 1080i/p) video  Low to moderate bandwidth (1 – 90 Mbps)  Acceptable latency for collaboration in some cases (150-5000 ms)  Heavily to moderately compressed video, heavily to moderately compressed audio  Tandberg TV: http://www.tandbergtv.com/  Grass Valley: http://www.thomsongrassvalley.com/ Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier 36

37. DVTS  http://apps.internet2.edu/dvt s.html  Standard definition video  Moderate bandwidth (30 Mbps)  Good latency for collaboration (150-200 ms)  Lightly compressed video (DV25)  lightly compressed audio Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier 37

38. HD DVTS  http://apps.internet2.edu/dvt s.html  High definition (720p) video  Moderate bandwidth (25 Mbps)  High latency (3000 ms)  Moderately compressed video (MPEG2)  lightly compressed audio Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier 38

39. Ultragrid  http://ultragrid.east.isi.edu/  High definition (720p/1080i) video  High bandwidth (<1 Gbps)  Acceptable latency for collaboration  Lightly compressed video  lightly compressed audio Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier 39

40. iHDTV  http://www.researchchannel.or g/tech/ihdtv.asp http://www.researchchannel.or g/tech/ihdtv.asp  High definition (1080i) video  High bandwidth (1.5 Gbps)  Very low latency (~80ms)  Uncompressed video  Uncompressed audio Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier 40

41. 4k  Cal IT 2: http://www.calit2.net/http://www.calit2.net/  Very high definition video (4096 × 2160)  High bandwidth (8 Gbps)  Very low latency  Uncompressed video  Uncompressed audio Soprano Anna Caterina Antonacci performs at the Holland Festival, seen in super-high-resolution 4K video on the large screen in the Calit2 Auditorium at UC San Diego. Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier 41

42. Integrated Systems Model & Adjacencies 42

43. Unicast vs. Multicast Multicast Unicast 43

44. What capabilities does IP Multicast provide ?  Cost-efficient distribution of data  Timely distribution of data  Robust distribution of data Multicast was designed to handle sudden large increases in load. “Data” here could be  Files  Streamed Audio or Video 44

45. Case Study: 9/11/2001 Internet News “Melt-down”: Web Site Performance 9:00 AM to 10:00 AM Site% Users able to access ABCNews.com0 % CNN.com0 % NYTimes.com0 % USAToday.com18 % MSNBC.com22 % (source: Keynote’s Business Performance / Interactive Week 9/17/2001) 45 Crowds viewing the 9/11 multicasts at Networld+Interop

46. Eyewitness Accounts We had a large plasma screen in the iLabs [at Networld+Interop] intended to demonstrate high rate HDTV over I2. We came in Tuesday morning and were preparing for the first day of the show when word came in about the initial plane crash into the towers. Our I2 Lead, Roy Hockett was able to switch the stream to a CNN broadcast from UMich. We began attracting exhibitors to the display even before the showfloor opened. Once the attendees were on the floor, the crowd had grown to well over a hundred. By this point, three things had happened. The crowds around the one display had grown so large as to constitute a fire hazard, all the major news web sites had completely melted down, and CNN was being multicast from several sources. We then started loading multicast tools on every PC in the NOC, from the one driving the large video wall to people's individual laptops. By 10:30 (about half an hour after the floor opened) we had at least 3 large displays as well as a number of normal monitors turned out towards the plexiglass walls. Soon after, we had a good number of exhibitors come and ask how to get "the CNN viewer software.” — Jim Martin, Nortel More than 1,000 copies of StreamPlayerII, our multicast MPEG viewer, were downloaded or handed out on disk between 9/11 and 9/12. We normally average 20 to 100 per day. — Rich Mavrogeanes, VBrick

47. Video: Collaboration Access Grid:  www.accessgrid.org: "The Access Grid ® is an ensemble of resources...used to support group-to-group interactions across the Grid.“ A multicast application. 47 Courtesy Argonne National Labs

48. InCommon.org Federated Identity and Access Higher education’s  Staff, students, and faculty are no longer located exclusively on campus  Research and missions are increasingly complex, globally interdependent, and on line  Security and protection of personal identity information is paramount and increasingly regulated (FERPA, HIPAA, Gramm-Leach-Bliley, SOX, etc.)  Business processes and applications are increasingly outsourced and/or distributed  Digital collections and data  Course materials and management  Financial management  Remote instrumentation  Computational resources such as Grids  Music, Software  Travel resources  Government resources Trust 48

49. Home Circle University Anonymous ID# Dr. Joe Oval Psych Prof. SSN 456.78.910 Circle University joe@circle.edu Dr. Joe Oval Psych Prof. SSN 456.78.910 Circle University joe@circle.edu Dr. Joe Oval Psych Prof. SSN 456.78.910 Password #1 Circle University joe@circle.edu Dr. Joe Oval Psych Prof. SSN 456.78.910 ! 1. Single Sign On 2. Services no longer manage user accounts & personal data stores 3. Reduced Help Desk load 4. Standards-based Technology 5. Home Org controls privacy Online Collaboration: Federated Identity and Access Management 49

50.  A facilitator: Email groups, Teleconferencing numbers, Wiki spaces  DNS, XML, SAML (Transactional Technologies) 50

51. Provocateur For strategic effect  Marcel Duchamp 1919 51

52. Critical Filter “What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.” –Herbert Alexander Simon, economist, Nobel laureate (1916-2001) 52

53. The Big Shift  The Participatory Me  Creating  Sharing  Expressing  Modifying  Connecting  Giving and Getting feedback 53

54. A platform for Content Alteration  Hulu to Alternate proportions  What can I, the public, add? Using SMIL or mashups, can I add: Audio tracks, captions, language dub translations, thought bubbles, video inserts, green screen in my own local backdrops (The Bionic Woman is in my room!), paint mustaches, make it funnier, sadder, stranger, share and get ratings for my version of the show (reputation systems, build my personal brand).  It’s all about adding my image: Elfyourself.com, photo-insert eCards  What can I subtract? Editing based on Parental guidance, Religious affiliation  What can I change? Can I change the ending or re-arrange the story to make it even better?  Can I click on embedded products and get more info? I love that shirt! I want those shoes! Is her hair colored? Can I click on that pizza and get the nearest pizza shop to deliver one? I love this background music – I want it!  Can I click on characters I don’t like or scenes that are too slow and vote them out? Or confusing parts I need repeated?  Guilds, unions, intense legal obligations and old frameworks 54

55. Participatory Me (green is a link)  Education: From Dissemination by a Master to Active Participant in a Learning Community: Educause & John Seely BrownEducause & John Seely Brown  Computer Game Industry & MMOGs: Entertainment that always changes, that I participate in creating.MMOG  Alternate Reality Games: Simulate the future; Find people like me; change my life: World Without Oil massive collaborative simulation Alternate Reality GamesWorld Without Oil 55

56. Participatory Me (green is a link)  Wikimedia Commons: Source Material Wikimedia Commons  Copyleft and Creative Commons licensing: Built to share and share alike.Creative Commons  News.Google.Com: My own customizable news aggregator: Add local keywords as I like. News.Google.Com  BookMooch: Trade your old books, get points BookMooch  Lulu: Create your own books Lulu  Predictify: Build reputation, earn $ Predictify 56

57. This American Life (Radio) “News” by participation  Stories by the people  Filtered by a Trusted Source (Ira Glass)  American Idol for the introspective  “Local” trusted news partner 57

58. Participatory Me: Local News  Could the public create news stories?  Submit them to NBC Local  Which NBC pays for (in reputation points and dollars if aired)  NBC remains the viewers’ Trusted filter in my busy life 58

59. Adjacencies: Music is a … sound  Recording Industry: Music distributor  Telephone: Makes a Ringing Sound  Bingo! $5 billion worldwide market for “Ring” Distributors  $1.00 per 3 minute song, own it forever  $3.00 per 30 second ringtone, own it for 90 days  Enjoy Music vs. “Display” a Ring  Sound as Accessory. Brilliant! Staggering… Source: nytimes: http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/a-baffling-new-phenomenon-customized- ringtones/ 59

60. Content distribution  Over IP instead of Satellite and Tape  Pre-production to post-production  Film Studio to Movie Theater  Affiliate to viewer 60

61. Long Tails: Profit & Power in the tail  Consumer Wealth: Businesses target the 4 billion in the under class (C.K. Prahalad) Consumer Wealth: Businesses target the 4 billion in the under class  NBC: Power of 10 O&O stations. Leverage the power of 230 Affiliates? Two-way distribution model of content delivery and creation?  Tremendous catalog of historical broadcasts Long Tail : Picture by Hay Kranen / PD 61

62. Usability Guru and Ads  Jakob Nielsen and user eye tracking studies  Why Advertising Doesn't Work on the Web Why Advertising Doesn't Work on the Web  Banner Ad Blindness Banner Ad Blindness  Plain text, Faces, Cleavage  Most Hated Advertising Techniques Most Hated Advertising Techniques 62

63. What have you got to lose?  More than any other time in history, mankind faces a crossroads. One path leads to despair and utter hopelessness. The other, to total extinction. Let us pray we have the wisdom to choose correctly. -Woody Allen 63