1. NOR’EASTER

2. Wind

3. Katabatic Winds
Katabatic winds exist in many parts of the World and are winds that flow from the high elevations of mountains, plateaus, and hills down their slopes to the valleys or planes below. There are many diffent names for katabatic winds depending where they are located - Santa Anna (funneled & dry), and Chinook (dry).

5. Santa Ana Winds
First Min.

6. Chinook Winds Over Rockies

7. Weather and Climate
Rain shadows
Insert Fig 5.19 b

8. Adiabatic Temperature Change & Condensation
Adiabatic heating and cooling is a temperature change within a gas
due to compression (resulting in heating) and expansion
(resulting in cooling); no heat is added to, or removed from
the gas.
Why rising air cools and Rain Shadows
Decreased pressure
2. For every 1k/feet air rises it cools 5.5 farenheight due to lowering gas pressures and heats the same going down (adiabatic cooling & heating)
3. Air that rises and condenses at the same time only cools 3.2F for every 1k it
rises due to the “heat of condensation”
4. Air moving up western slopes can come down warmer on the other side. Creating cool moist western slopes and warm dry eastern slopes.

9. Adiabatic heating and cooling is
a temperature change
within a gas
due to compression
(resulting in heating) and
Expansion (resulting in
cooling); no heat is added
to, or removed from
the gas.

10. Adiabatic Problems A 10k foot mountain
Air temperature at mountains base is 60 degrees
Clouds form at 4k and extend to the mountain top
What is the temperature of the valley floor (leeward side)
How does humidity and temperature change from winward to leeward?
Problem 2
A 14k peak with a valley temperature of 70
Cloud formation begins at 7k and ends at 10k
(5.5 and 3.2 = temperature changes for every thousand feet)
What is the temperature at 7K?
What is the temperature at 10K?
What is the temperature at 14K?
What is the temperature in the leeward valley?
Is there compression of the air as in refrigeration or a decompression?

11. Micro-Climate & Turbulence

12. Turbulence

13. Micro-Burst

14. Micro-Burst

15. Beach Winds
Hanging at the beach
Day time Vs. Night time breezes

16. Sea breezes