1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Michael Hall 11 Addictions and Addictive Behavior: Threats to Wellness

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Objectives Define addiction. Distinguish addictions from habits, and identify the signs of addiction. Discuss the addictive process, the physiology of addiction, and the biopsychosocial model of addiction. Describe types of addictions. Evaluate treatment and recovery options.

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Defining Addiction Addiction – continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative consequences Physiological addiction Psychological addiction

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Habit versus Addiction Habit – repeated behavior in which the repetition may be unconscious Compulsion – if the habit occurs by compulsion and considerable discomfort is experienced if the behavior is not performed, then the repetition or habit is considered an addiction

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Signs of Addiction Four common symptoms: Obsession Loss of control Negative consequences Denial

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Addictive Process “Nurturing through avoidance” The physiology of addiction: Neurotransmitters Tolerance Withdrawal

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.1 Cycle of Psychological Addiction Figure 11.1

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Model of Addiction Biopsychosocial model – proposes that addiction is caused by a variety of factors operating together

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Other Thoughts on Addiction Biological or disease influences Environmental influences Social learning theory Psychological factors

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.2 Risk Factors for Addiction Figure 11.2.1

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.2 Risk Factors for Addiction (continued) Figure 11.2.2

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.2 Risk Factors for Addiction (continued) Figure 11.2.3

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Addiction Process addictions – behaviors known to be addictive because they are mood altering: Money addictions Compulsive gambling Compulsive shopping and borrowing Work addiction Exercise: Addictive exercisers Muscle dysmorphia Internet Sexual Multiple

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.3 Signs of Work Addiction Figure 11.3

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How Addiction Affects Family and Friends Codependence – a person is “addicted to the addict”; they assume responsibility for meeting the addict’s need and neglect their own Enablers – people who knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the natural consequences of their actions

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Treatment for and Recovery from Addiction Intervention – planned process of confrontation by people who are important to the addict; its purpose is to allow the addict to see the destructive nature of the addiction Treatment: Abstinence – refraining from the addictive behavior Detoxification – adjustment physically and congnitively to being free from the influence of addiction

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Choosing a Treatment The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) – Project MATCH Three strategies for addiction treatment were studied: Cognitive-behavioral therapy Motivational psychology 12-step programs Conclusion was that focus for treatment selection should be on choosing a program that was complete

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Relapse Isolated or complete return to addictive behavior Relapse prevention requires the addict and significant others to recognize the signs of imminent relapse and to develop a plan for responding to the signs Relapse is not a failure to change or a lack of desire to stay well