1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS From DNA to RNA to Proteins

2. Genes Sections of DNA that controls making of physical traits/proteins

3. Types of RNA Messenger(mRNA)-carries protein making instructions from DNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- Part of the ribosome-Makes proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA)- transfers amino acids (building blocks of proteins) to the ribosome to make a protein.

4. DNA vs. RNA (differences) RNA –Sugar (Ribose) –Phosphate group –Nitrogenous Bases A U=Uracil(Not “T”) G C Single Stranded Shorter DNA –Sugar (Deoxyribose) –Phosphate Group –Nitogenous Bases –A–A –T=Thymine –G–G –C–C _Double Stranded Longer

8. Protein Synthesis Overview 2 Main Processes –Transcription-_DNA_ copied into mRNA (nucleus) –Translation-mRNA made into proteins_ ________ (ribosomes in cytoplasm)

9. DNA mRNA Transcription! RibosometRNA Amino acid Protein Translation!!!!

11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =ztPkv7wc3yUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =ztPkv7wc3yU Transcription video

12. Transcription 1. DNA is unzipped (by RNA polymerase-enzyme) at a gene. “Promoter” initiates copying. 2. ONE strand of the DNA template is transcribed (copied) into mRNA using complimentary base pairing. 3. RNA polymerase reaches “termination Signal”/end of gene. Stops copying.

16. Simulation http://www.phschool.com/atscho ol/phbio/active_art/protein_synth esis/index.htmlhttp://www.phschool.com/atscho ol/phbio/active_art/protein_synth esis/index.html

18. Transcribe the following DNA strands. ATTCGACG UAAGCUGC TTACCAGC AAUGGUCG TTAAAACG AAUUUUGC

19. Codon 3 consecutive nitrogen bases on mRNA that specify 1 particular amino acid.

21. FLOW OF GENETIC INFO Genetic Trait- Blue eyes

22. A C B NUCLEUS

23. Translation Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =B6O6uRb1D38&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =B6O6uRb1D38&feature=related

24. Translation -- The decoding of mRNA into a protein Nuclear envelope tRNA Amino acid Polypeptide chain Cell membrane

25. Transcription/translation video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NJxobgkPEAohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NJxobgkPEAo

26. Translation Decode mRNA to Proteins

27. Steps of Translation 1. The mRNA strand is broken into codons –(Codon- 3 bases that code for an amino acids.)

28. Translation 2.Ribosome reads the codons and translates them into amino acids. How?? –Uses the Genetic Code –Match the first letter on the left –Match the second letter on the top –Match the third letter on the right –Ex: codon AUG – Amino Acid: Methionine

29. What amino acid goes with the following codons: UGG- GAA- ACA- UAG- AGC- CAG-

30. Example

31. Translate and write polypeptide (amino acid) chain DNA- AGGCGGAGGCGG mRNA-UCCGCCUCCGCC Amino Acid-Ser-ala-ser-ala

32. DNA STRAND (Transcribe, translate, amino acid) C C A T A G C A C G T T A C A A C G T G A A G G T A A

33. 3. rRNA sends for the tRNA to bring the correct amino acids. 4.The tRNA anticodons match up with the mRNA codons –Ex: mRNACUG-codon – t RNAGAC -anticodon brings the amino acid methionine attached to it. 5.Amino acids are attached to each other making a protein, until a STOP codon is reached

34. Translation continued 6. Disassembly- Ribosome complex falls apart. Polypeptide chain (protein) is released.

35. CYTOPLASM

36. DNA: ACA TTG TAG CAT mRNA: AminoAcids: DNA: TTT TAC TGG CGC GTA mRNA: AminoAcids:

37. Protein shape video-honors only http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =lijQ3a8yUYQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =lijQ3a8yUYQ

38. FLOW OF GENETIC INFO

39. Protein Paths (Protein Synthesis) (p.83) 1. Nucleus- DNA copied to RNA 2. Ribosomes- RNA attaches to ribosomes (on ER) for protein synthesis. 3. Protein leaves ER and goes to Golgi Apparatus 4. Proteins modified/packaged in Golgi 5. Vesicles release proteins out of cell through cell membrane

40. Which is the correct path of protein synthesis??? D C B A

41. Protein Paths (Protein Synthesis) (p.83) 1. Nucleus- DNA copied to RNA 2. Ribosomes/Rough ER- Synthesize Proteins (send to Golgi) 3. Golgi Apparatus- modifies/packages/sends proteins 4. Cell Membrane- carries proteinsfrom Golgi (in vesicles) to be releasedfrom cell

43. Path of Proteins-