1. AFRICAN REGIONAL REVIEW MEETING Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 16-18 July 2013 Dr. Robert M. Okello Robert.Okello@Lyciar.com 16 July 2013 Lyciar Dare to Know ALMATY PROGRAMME OF ACTION Africa Regional Report 1 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

2. PRIORITIES OF APOA 16 July 2013 2 Fundamental Transit Policy Issues. Infrastructure Development and Maintenance. International Trade and Trade Facilitation. International Support Measures. Implementation and Review. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

3. 16 AFRICAN LLDCs 16 July 2013 3 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

4. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 2003 - 2013 16 July 2013 4 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Africa as a whole made good and steady progress: HDI improved and Gap narrowed between LLDCs and Transit Countries. MDG Achievements significant – LLDCs as well as Transit Countries. But inequalities increased among and within. ODA is still significant, but FDI and Remittances now more important.

5. PRIORITY 1: FUNDAMENTAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY ISSUES 16 July 2013 5 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 3 Major Dimensions of Transit Transport: International legal frameworks govern facilitation of the transit transport Institutional framework for operations and management of transit transport Infrastructure for transport mode - road, railways, port, airport, inland waterways, pipelines.

6. International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa 16 July 2013 6 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 3 Levels of Participation: African Participation in International Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport Africa Sub-Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport (RECs) pipelines.

7. International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa 16 July 2013 7 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Treaty/ConventionYear AdoptedAfrican Parties Barcelona Convention on Freedom of Transit1921Burundi, Chad (2) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT/WTO 1947/ 1995 Sub-Sahara Africa (38), except Ethiopia, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Bissau, S&P New York Convention on Transit Trade of Landlocked Countries 1965 BF, Burundi, Cameroon, CAR, Chad, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia (16) Brussels Convention Establishing a Customs Cooperative Council. 1950 Kyoto Convention on Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures. 1973Nigeria, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe (4) Customs Convention on the International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets; also called the TIR Convention. 1975 Nairobi Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance for the Prevention, Investigation and Repression of Customs Offences. 1977 Malawi, Niger, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (6 LLDCs); CI, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo (7 costal). Geneva Convention on Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods. 1982South Africa, Lesotho, Liberia (3) Montego Bay Convention on Landlocked Countries. 1982Landlocked Countries (15); SSA Coastal Countries (27) Almaty Programme of Action.2003Landlocked Countries (16); SSA Coastal Countries (27)

8. Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport 16 July 2013 8 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa InstrumentYearKey Issues OAU Addis Ababa Charter1963 Initial signature by 32 governments, with South Sudan becoming the 55th member in July 2011. Article II aims, inter alia, to promote international co-operation, having due regard to the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and calls upon the Member States to co-ordinate and harmonize their general policies, especially in the fields economic co- operation, including transport and communications. Monrovia Declaration1979 In pursuit of the objectives of the New International Economic Order, the OAU Council committed to implement completely the programme of the United Nations Transport and Communications Decade in Africa. Lagos Plan of Action1980 Called for the creation of an African Common Market by 2000, and in this regard assigned to the Regional Economic Communities the objective:.. to reinforce effectively sectoral integration in transport. Abuja Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (AEC) 1991 The policy objectives include: To promote economic, social and cultural development as well as integration of African economies, including in the area of trade and transport, the harmonization of policies …. and removal of obstacles to movement of persons, goods and services, with special measures for the landlocked countries. African Maritime Transport Charter1993 Chapter VII on issues of Landlocked Countries. Transit Partner States agree to grant facilities and benefits to landlocked countries and to apply non- discriminatory administrative, fiscal and Customs measures. They agree to coordinate their policies of acquisition and use of land, river, air and maritime transport and port. They are encouraged to enter into bilateral and multilateral conventions on transit and to ratify those in force. African Union2002 Transformed OAU into AU. The objectives contained in the Constitutive Act, include Promote sustainable development at the economic, social and cultural levels as well as the integration of African economies. NEPAD2002 Establishment of AU) was accompanied with the formulation of the New Partnership for Africas Development (NEPAD) as the new framework for economic and social development of Africa and the achievement of the MDGs in Africa. RECs remain the anchor of regional mechanisms for achieving the African Union programs, and continue to place priority on enhancing interconnectivity and facilitating trade by focusing on transport corridors as microcosms of integration and spatial development on the continent. African Maritime Transport Charter2009 Update of the 1993 Charter and a call to include it in the national legislations. It calls for emphasis on cooperation between LLDC and Transit States, development of Multimodal Transport, Ports and ICT applications.

9. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors 16 July 2013 9 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Issue for Harmonization East Africa EAC COMESA Southern Africa SADC Central Africa ECCAS CEMAC West Africa ECOWAS UEMOA Vehicle Load and Dimensions Control (Axle load and Gross Vehicle Mass limits) Yes. Axle Load/GVM Weighbridges installed Yes. Axle Load/GVM Weighbridges installed Yes – Inter-State Road Transport (TIE). Axle Load/GVM Road Transit ChargesHarmonized with SADC Harmonized with COMESA and EAC Carrier License and Transit Plates Third Party Motor Vehicle Insurance Schemes Yellow CardYellow Card (of COMESA)Orange Card ECOWAS Brown Card insurance scheme (Convention A/P1/5/82) - ECOWAS "Carte Brune" (Brown Card) and CIMA Code Road Customs Transit Declaration Document COMESA Customs Declaration Document (CD-COM) Single Administrative Document (SAD) ECOWAS Interstate Road Transit Scheme (ISRT) – Convention A/P4/5/82 and Supplementary Convention A/SP.1/5/90 Road check pointsSignificant reduction ECOWAS Interstate Road Transport (IST) – Convention A/P.2/5/82 Regional Customs Bond Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme - Harmonized with SADC Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme - Harmonized with COMESA and EAC Customs Agreements on Inter-State Road Transit (TRIE Convention) Border Posts Operations 15 OSBP envisaged; 7 under development Chirundu OSBP Pilot; Other OSBP Projects in NSC ICT for Vehicle Tracking and Fleet Management ASCYUDA

10. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors 16 July 2013 10 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Vehicle Load and Dimensions Control (Axle load and Gross Vehicle Mass limits): EAC/COMESA: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed SADC: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed ECOWAS: Yes – Inter-State Road Transport (TIE); Axle Load; GVM

11. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors Road Transit Charges EAC/COMESA/SADC: Harmonized ECCAS and ECOWAS: None Third Party Motor Vehicle Insurance Schemes EAC/COMESA/SADC: Yellow Card ECCAS: Orange Card ECOWAS: Brown Card/Carte Brune insurance scheme (Convention A/P1/5/82) – ECOWAS CIMA Code 16 July 201311 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

12. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors Road Customs Transit Declaration Document EAC/COMESA: COMESA Customs Declaration Document (CD- COM) SADC: Single Administrative Document (SAD) ECCAS: None ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transit Scheme (ISRT) – Convention A/P4/5/82 and Supplementary Convention A/SP.1/5/90 16 July 201312 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

13. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors Regional Customs Bond EAC/COMESA/SADC: Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme - Harmonized ECCAS – None ECOWAS - Customs Agreements on Inter-State Road Transit (TRIE Convention) Border Posts Operations 15 OSBP envisaged; 7 under development in East Africa Chirundu OSBP Pilot; Other OSBP Projects in NSC ECCAS and ECOWAS - None 16 July 201313 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

14. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors Road Check Points EAC/COMESA: Significant reduction ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transport (IST) – Convention A/P.2/5/82 ICT for Vehicle Tracking and Fleet Management All RECs: ASCYUDA 16 July 201314 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

15. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. s TAH ALLIGNMENTS 16 July 201315 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

16. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. East Africa Corridors. 16 July 201316 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

17. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. East Africa Corridors. Northern Corridor (TAH 8) – Mombasa Port; Multimodal Central Corridor (TAH 4)– Dar es Salaam Port; Multimodal Djibouti – Addis Ababa Corridor (TAH 6)– Djibouti Port; Road and Rail LAPSSET – Lamu Port; Project Stage Mwambani Economic Corridor – Tanga Port; Project Conception Stage 16 July 201317 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

18. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE Southern African Corridors 16 July 201318 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

19. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE Southern Africa Dar es Salaam Corridor (TAH 4) – Multi-Modal Maputo Corridor – Multi-Modal Nacala Corridor Beira Corridor (TAH 9) North-South Corridor (TAH 9) – Multi-Modal Walvis Bay Corridor Group (WBCG): -Trans Caprivi Corridor (TCC) -Trans Kalahari Corridor (TKC) – TAH 10 -Trans Cunene Corridor 16 July 201319 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

20. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE West Africa Corridors 16 July 201320 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

21. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE West Africa Dakar – Bamako Corridor (TAH 5): Multimodal Tema – Ouagadougou Corridor: Road Abidjan – Ouagadougou: Road and Rail Lome – Ouagadougou: Road Cotonou – Niamey: Road and rail Central Africa Douala – Bangui Corridor Douala – Ndjamena Corridor Point-Noire Corridor (TAH 3) 16 July 201321 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

22. PRIORITY 3: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE FACILITATION Africas External Trade performance – Global Share Marginal Increase from 2.3% in 2000 to 3.2% in 2010. However, significant increase in export values of African LLDCs, except Swaziland. African LLDCs Export Concentration in2010/2011 very high on raw commodities (Mali 79% Gold, Botswana 75.6% Diamonds, Malawi 58.4% Tobacco, etc.) African Export Market Concentration shifting from Traditional EU dominance towards Emerging Economies (China) 16 July 201322 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

23. Africa Export Trade Concentration 16 July 201323 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa CountryYear1 st.% Botswana2011Diamonds, not mounted or set75.6 Burkina Faso 2010Gold68.6 Burundi2010Coffee59.5 CAR2009Diamond not mounted or set61.9 Ethiopia2009Coffee32.4 Lesotho2010Food, Beverages, Tobacco8.2 Mali2010Gold79.1 Malawi 2011Unmanufactured tobacco58.4 Niger2009Uranium or thorium Rwanda2011Tin ores and Concentrates 24 Swaziland 2007Mixed odoriferous substances for industrial use29 Uganda 2010Coffee18 Zambia2010Copper in all forms 78 Zimbabwe2010Nickel oxide sinters, ores and (mattes, concentrates) 22

24. Trade Facilitation Trade Costs and Major Bottlenecks: Ease of Doing Business: LLDCs showed encouraging improvement in key indicators between 2006 and 2012 – DE/I, TE/I, CE/CI LLDCs continue to perform below Transit countries in all aspects. Logistics Performance Index: Few African LLDCs and Transit Countries improved Global Rankings between 2007 and 2012: Botswana, Malawi, Uganda, Niger, Zimbabwe; and Benin, Tanzania, Namibia, Togo, Ghana. 16 July 201324 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

25. Trade Facilitation Initiatives s National Initiatives: Rwanda, Mali, Swaziland, Malawi, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Zambia, Zimbabwe Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) One-Stop Border Posts (OSBP) or Joint Border Posts (JBP) Aid for Trade (AfT) Trade Facilitation Facility – US$40m Trust Fund for LDCs 16 July 201325 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

26. PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES s Global Support to Africa UN – OSSA, OHRLLS, UNECA, Inter-Agency Coordination Global Initiatives (Brussels and Johannesburg) G8 – Kananaskis – AAP (2002); Evian – OECD/APF(2003); Gleneagles – Blair Commission (2005), etc. WTO – AfT WCO – Capacity Building 16 July 201326 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

27. PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES Bilateral Support: EU – EBA, EPA UK/DFID – Country; Regional (TradeMark); Continental (AFTI, EIF) USA/USAID – Continental (AGOA); Regional (Trade Hubs); Country (MCC) JAPAN/TICAD-JICA – Regional (OSBP) CANADA/CIDA – ATC France, China, India, Brazil, Turkey 16 July 201327 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

28. PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES s IFIs: WB - SSATP AFDB – (NEPAD, ICA, IPPF, PIDA) Arab Funds – IDB, BADEA, KDF Other African Infrastructure Funds – AFC, PAIDF, ICF, AFP. 16 July 201328 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

29. PRIORITY 5: IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW s Country Reports on National Implementation and Review – Burkina Faso, Burundi, Swaziland, Zambia Implementation and Review at the Global Level African Regional Review 16 July 201329 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

30. Emerging Issues s Civil Conflicts – Kenya, CI, CAR Greater Regional Integration Global Economic and Financial Crises Climate Change Population, Urbanization and Migration Technological Advances Emergence of New Economic Power Poles Governance and Natural Resources Management 16 July 201330 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

31. Way Forward s Development of Fundamental Transit Transport Policy – Accession and Implementation of International Agreements Improving Transport Infrastructure Alternate Routes to LLDCs Greater Inter-Modal Balance Supportive Infrastructure – ICT and Energy 16 July 201331 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

32. Way Forward s Strengthening International Trade and Trade Facilitation Developing Productive Capacity and Diversifying the Export Base Management of Natural Resources Promoting Investment Facilitation of Trade Deepening Regional Cooperation and Integration WTO Trade Negotiations 16 July 201332 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

33. Way Forward s International Support Measures Framework for Partnership with Emerging Markets – China, India, Brazil, Turkey, etc. Harnessing Demographic Dividends Special Case of CAR, CHAD, South Sudan 16 July 201333 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

34. 16 July 2013 34 Thank You Robert.Okello@lyciar.com Thank You Robert.Okello@lyciar.com United Nations Economic Commission for Africa