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Halon and its Replacements - an Environmental Update David Ball Consultant Technical Advisor to Kidde International 17 November 1998 Presented By Bob Glaser.

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Presentation on theme: "Halon and its Replacements - an Environmental Update David Ball Consultant Technical Advisor to Kidde International 17 November 1998 Presented By Bob Glaser."— Presentation transcript:

1 Halon and its Replacements - an Environmental Update David Ball Consultant Technical Advisor to Kidde International 17 November 1998 Presented By Bob Glaser Walter Kidde Aerospace

2 Halon and its Replacements - an Environmental Update Montreal Protocol Update –Background –Effect to date –Recent Decisions Kyoto Protocol Implications

3 Montreal Protocol - Chronology 1985 - Vienna Convention on Protection of the Ozone Layer (Parties: 166 at 1.7.98) 1987 - Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (165) 1990 - London Amendment (II/ ) (122) 1992 - Copenhagen Amendment (IV/ ) (80) 1995 - Vienna Adjustment (VII/ ) 1997 - Montreal Amendment (IX/ ) 1998 - Cairo, November

4 Montreal Protocol - Effect Predicted level of stratospheric chlorine loading Model and data presented in Report "Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1994" (Allbritton, Solomon et al)

5 Stratospheric Chlorine Loading without Montreal Protocol

6 Montreal Protocol (1987) - Provisions on Halons From 1.1.1992, Cap production at 1986 level

7 Stratospheric Chlorine Loading with Montreal Protocol

8 London Amendments (1990) From 1.1.1995, Production halved (II/1) From 1.1.2000, Production banned (II/1) Possibility of "Essential Use" Production (II/3) If ODP>0, "Transitional Substance" with phase out date 2020-2040 (London Resolution)

9 Stratospheric Chlorine Loading with London Amendments

10 Copenhagen Amendments (1992) From 1.1.1994, Production banned (IV/2) "Essential Use" Criteria defined (IV/25) –Necessary for the health, safety or critical for the function of society (including cultural/intellectual) AND –No available technically and economically feasible alternatives acceptable for environment and health "Transitional Substance" phase out date advanced to 2015 (90% reduction) (IV/3)

11 Stratospheric Chlorine Loading with Copenhagen Amendments

12 Recent Findings on Tropospheric Chlorine Loading Montzka et al in Science, May 1996 First observed decrease in tropospheric loading Stratospheric loading lags by 4-5 years Consistent with model

13 Stratospheric Chlorine: What was left for Vienna?

14 Options at Vienna Methyl Bromide –Elimination by 2001 reduces integrated ozone loss over next 50 years by 13% Halons –Avoiding release of stored agent reduces integrated ozone loss over next 50 years by 10% HCFCs –Acceleration of phaseout to 2004 reduces integrated ozone loss over next 50 years by 5%

15 Vienna Decision VII/12 To recommend that all non-Article 5 Parties should endeavour, on a voluntary basis, to limit the emissions of halon to a minimum by: (a)Accepting as Critical those applications meeting the Essential Use criteria as defined in Decision IV/25, paragraph I (a); (b)Limiting the use of halons in new installations to Critical Applications; (c)Accepting that existing installations for Critical Applications may continue to use halon in the future; (d)Considering the decommissioning of halon systems in existing installations, which are not Critical Applications, as quickly as technically and economically feasible; (e)Ensuring that halons are effectively recovered; (f)Preventing, whenever feasible, the use of halon in equipment testing and for training of personnel; (g)Evaluating and taking into account only those substitutes and replacements of halon, for which no other more environmentally suitable ones are available; (h)Promoting the environmentally safe destruction of halons, when they are not needed in halon banks (existing or to be created).

16 Decision VII/12 - Key Points Voluntarily minimise halon emissions by: Limiting new halon use to Critical (meeting the Essential Use criteria) Applications; Considering decommissioning non- Critical installations, as quickly as feasible; Taking into account only replacements for which no other more environmentally suitable ones are available; Promoting the environmentally safe destruction of halons not needed in banks.

17 Decision VIII/17 - Key Points [Before extensive destruction of halon]: Studies (two) on future availability of halons for critical applications: If shortfall, TEAP/HTOC propose action; If surplus, TEAP/HTOC provide guidance on disposal or redeployment, bearing in mind needs of Article 5 Parties; identify potential barriers; suggest how to overcome them.

18 Decision IX/16 - Key Points TEAP to examine [again] feasibility of early decommissioning in non-Article 5 Parties of all [non-Critical] halon; Destruction or redeployment of stocks; Bearing in mind: –Article 5 needs; –efficacy of alternatives; –decommissioning and destruction experience.

19 Recent Decisions - Implications Changes in Political Complexion of the Montreal Protocol: Criticality = Use Control Pressure to decommission proactively Pressure to destroy halon Consider other environmental issues

20 Kyoto Protocol (1) Completed 10 December 1997 Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from Annex 1 (industrialised) Parties to reduce by 5.2% on average by 2008-2010 Promised reductions: Europe 8%; USA 7%; Canada and Japan 6%; etc "Demonstrable progress" by 2005

21 Kyoto Protocol (2) Gases covered: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride*, hydrofluorocarbons* and perfluorocarbons* * option of 1995, not 1990, baseline Assessment is of total reduction - no requirements for individual gases Credit for carbon sinks

22 Kyoto Protocol (3) Emissions trading possible No targets for developing countries Credit for non-Annex 1 reductions Signing 3.98 to 3.99; takes effect 90 days after 55 Parties and 55% of 1990 Annex 1 emissions have signed Next Meeting Buenos Aires 11.98

23 Halon and its Replacements - an Environmental Update Montreal Protocol - Political Changes –Use Control –Proactive decommissioning –Pressure to destroy halon Kyoto Protocol

24 Summary:  Ozone Depletion Issues :  International recognition that ozone 1985 layer protection was needed.   Plan to reduce CFC production. CAP @ 1987 1986 Level.  Production limit halved & ban date 1990 set @ Y2K.  Production ban moved forward 6 yrs. 1992 to 1994.  First use limit “Critical Applications 1995 Only”.  Destruction of excess recommended.

25 Summary (cont’d)  Global Warming Issues :  International recognition that global 1992 warming gases needed to be limited.  Agreement to reduce global warming 1997 gases. Including most Halon Alternative Agents.

26 Conclusions: Chemical induced environmental damage has led to: Continuously Tightened Controls & Ever Broadening Scope The aviation community as one of the few remaining users of Halons will incur increased political scrutiny and oversight. Some Alternative Agents which were OK under the Montreal Protocol are likely to be impacted by KYOTO Protocol in the long term.

27 Recommendations: Aviation community needs to proactively limit the use of Halons. Replace Halons where possible (in order of doability). Lavatory bin Cabin portables Engine nacelle Cargo compartments Limit discharges Minimize testing Test with surogates Maintain equipment

28 Recommendations Cont’d: Environmental impact must be a key design consideration on future fire suppression applications. Design decision rationale should be permanently documented showing the trade off’s considered. Halon banking and forecasting of future needs is essential to protect the existing world supply of Halon from destruction. Proactive political involvement in environmental rule making is necessary to assure that aviations needs are properly understood and considered.


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