1. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Business Models, Accounting and Billing Concepts in Grid-aware Networks Serafim Kotrotsos 1, Peter Racz 2, Cristian Morariu 2, Katerina Iskioupi 1, David Hausheer 2, Burkhard Stiller 2 1 EXIS IT ltd, Vas.Sofias 98, GR-11528 Athens, Hellas skotro@exis.com.gr 2 Department of Informatics, University of Zurich {racz, morariu, hausheer, stiller}@ifi.uzh.ch Europe-China Grid InterNetworking www.ec-gin.eu Supported by

2. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Introduction Grid: the infrastructure for computing and storage resource sharing across administrative boundaries over internet Grid: the infrastructure for computing and storage resource sharing across administrative boundaries over internet Current Internet: based on original design suitable for e-mail and web applications Current Internet: based on original design suitable for e-mail and web applications Network Challenges for Grid Applications running on top of the Internet Assuming that more than one network paths with no shared bottlenecks exist between two nodes… Assuming that more than one network paths with no shared bottlenecks exist between two nodes… Typical scenatios: Typical scenatios: Large File Transfer Streaming The role of Incentives The role of Incentives Non-Monetary (e.g. TFT, PSH) based on reciprocity Monetary, in heterogeneous large scale grids (proposed herein)

3. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Outline A proposal for a traditional monetary – based incentive approach A proposal for a traditional monetary – based incentive approach Includes accounting and billing elements based on amount of traffic relayed Includes accounting and billing elements based on amount of traffic relayed Based on a multi-domain approach Based on a multi-domain approach Supporting multiple virtual organizations and multiple network operators Supporting multiple virtual organizations and multiple network operators Evaluated against Grid-based Large File Transfer Evaluated against Grid-based Large File Transfer

4. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 The Large File Transfer Scenario Traditional routing would route all traffic between A and B through the same network path LFT could use Grid nodes as relays in order to route traffic from the sender to the receiver on multiple paths chosen by the sender.

5. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Business Models A vision of the Computational Economy based on Revenue sharing collaborating partners for the provision of Grid Services Cloud computing as business reality of Grid vision

6. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Overall Architecture Clearing houses providing Billing and Accounting infrastructure in their domain Clearing houses providing Billing and Accounting infrastructure in their domain Metering element measuring traffic volumes Metering element measuring traffic volumes Security element maintaining certificates for each relay node Security element maintaining certificates for each relay node Pricing element incorporating traditional and advanced pricing models Pricing element incorporating traditional and advanced pricing models Application(s) using LFT service Application(s) using LFT service

7. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Accounting Accounting records are exchanged via the Diameter Accounting Request / Answer protocol.

8. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Billing The Clearing House is the 3 rd party trusted side that assures objectivity The Clearing House is the 3 rd party trusted side that assures objectivity They maintain open accounts per Grid node / domain participating in the Computational Economy simplifying transactions They maintain open accounts per Grid node / domain participating in the Computational Economy simplifying transactions Services are cascaded, so that the users consider receiving total service by the first grid nodes in their alternative network paths. Services are cascaded, so that the users consider receiving total service by the first grid nodes in their alternative network paths. Billing includes mediation, rating and post-paid invoicing Billing includes mediation, rating and post-paid invoicing

9. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Advantages of Architecture (1/2) Support of accounting and charging across multiple domains. Support of accounting and charging across multiple domains. Robustness and scalability through the support of multiple parallel sessions to different accounting servers. Robustness and scalability through the support of multiple parallel sessions to different accounting servers. Security, using IPSec and Transport Layer Security (TLS) over OpenDiameter library. Security, using IPSec and Transport Layer Security (TLS) over OpenDiameter library. Simplicity by Simplicity by applying the 'Service Cascading' concept following the main structural blocks of state-of-the-art commercial billing infrastructures

10. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Advantages of Architecture (2/2) Flexibility - not limitation to specific pricing / discounting policy, services, business relationships or network infrastructure Flexibility - not limitation to specific pricing / discounting policy, services, business relationships or network infrastructure Feasibility - no complex pricing algorithms or metrics while supporting all possible complexity of business relations Feasibility - no complex pricing algorithms or metrics while supporting all possible complexity of business relations Trust - clearing house entities, a pragmatic approach in network economies as the one of wireless telephony Trust - clearing house entities, a pragmatic approach in network economies as the one of wireless telephony

11. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Conclusions A realistic, monetary – based incentive – based framework for nodes providing explicit support to Grid – Applications A realistic, monetary – based incentive – based framework for nodes providing explicit support to Grid – Applications Exceptional results with LFT – based applications Exceptional results with LFT – based applications Further research is addressed on real-time streaming services Further research is addressed on real-time streaming services This work brings the grid - vision closer to modern every – day business This work brings the grid - vision closer to modern every – day business

12. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Acknowledgements This work has been performed partially in the framework of the EU IST project EC-GIN under the contract STREP FP6-2006-IST-045256. This work has been performed partially in the framework of the EU IST project EC-GIN under the contract STREP FP6-2006-IST-045256. Additionally, the authors would like to acknowledge discussions with all of their colleagues and project partners. Additionally, the authors would like to acknowledge discussions with all of their colleagues and project partners.

13. GridNets2009, Athens 08/09/09 Thank you! Questions/Comments?