1. The Role of Health Coverage in Eliminating Disparities in Care Marsha Lillie-Blanton, DrPH Associate Research Professor GWU School of Public Health and Health Services Senior Advisor on Race, Ethnicity, and Health Care The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Congressional Tri-Caucus Briefing May 27, 2009

2. Putting a Human Face on Disparities in Health Care Deamonte Driver (Baltimore, MD) Elsa (San Diego, CA) Benita Jacks (Washington, DC) Figure 1

3. Who are the Uninsured?

4. NOTE: American Indian group includes Aleutian Eskimos. SOURCE: Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured analysis of the March 2008 Current Population Survey. Total = 45.0 Million Uninsured American Indian/ Alaska Native 1% White (non-Hispanic) 45% 2 or More Races 1% Hispanic 32% African American (non-Hispanic) 15% Asian/Pacific Islander 5% Although almost half of the uninsured are White, people of color are more likely to be uninsured White (non-Hispanic) African American (non-Hispanic) Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaska Native Two or More Races National Average 17% Distribution by Race/Ethnicity Risk of Being Uninsured Figure 2

5. P ersons of color ages 55-64 are more likely to be uninsured than their White counterparts DATA: March 2007 Current Population Survey SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured estimates. 33% White, Non-Hispanic HispanicAfrican American, Non-Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaska Native Two or More Races Figure 3

6. Why are communities of color at higher risk of being uninsured?

7. Income and Race/Ethnicity Shape Patterns of Health Coverage: Poverty Status of Nonelderly Adults NOTES: Individuals who reported more than one race group were categorized as two or more races. Nonelderly includes individuals under age 65. FPL= Federal Poverty Level. The FPL for a family of four in 2005 was $19,971. DATA: March 2006 Current Population Survey. SOURCE: Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured estimates. 166.6 million 40.8 million 32.6 million 11.8 million 1.5 million 4.2 million Figure 4

8. Why Does Coverage Matter?

9. Health Insurance Matters: Percent of nonelderly adults with no usual source of medical care, 2005-2006 SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation and Urban Institute analysis of National Health Interview Survey, 2005 and 2006, two- year pooled data. Figure 5

10. Health Insurance Matters: Percent of nonelderly adults with no doctor visit in past year, 2005-2006 SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation and Urban Institute analysis of the National Health Interview Survey, 2005 and 2006, two-year pooled data. Figure 6

11. Why is the health care reform debate important to communities of color?

12. Publicly-Covered or Uninsured African Americans and Latinos, 2007 INSURANCE COVERAGE AFRICAN AMERICANSLATINOS U.S. Population, 2007~ 36.4 million~ 46.0 million Public Coverage~ 14.0 million Medicaid~ 8.5 million~ 10.3 million Medicare~ 4.2 million~ 2.9 million Military (VA & DOD)~ 1.3 million~ 0.8 million Uninsured~ 7.0 million~14.8 million Total (Percent) ~ 21.0 million (~ 58% of U.S. African American population) ~ 28.8 million (~63% of the U.S. Latino population) SOURCE: Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement, 2008. U.S Census Bureau. Figure 7

13. Figure 8 The individual & their families Hospitals, physicians, and other health providers (e.g., CHCs) Employers/Government Expanding Coverage Can Reduce Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Care and Benefits……