1. Open Archives in the Evolving Information Space – Libraries and the Global Perspective Panel on Open Archives, Self-archiving and Free Access: the Brazilian Perspective 12 th National Seminary of University Libraries Recife, Brazil 12 th National Seminary of University Libraries Recife, Brazil 22/10/02 Jessie Hey University of Southampton, England TARDis e-Print project http://tardis.eprints.orghttp://tardis.eprints.org

2. Southampton where the Titanic sailed from … and cars and containers and other liners come quickly in and out Also home to the National Oceanographic Library Library on the Waterfront Campus

3. Journey across the globe towards the sun?! Southampton Waterfront Campus 16 Oct CERN, Geneva 17-19 Oct Delayed in Lisbon 20-21 Oct En route to Recife Early morning Sun in Recife!

4. Talk Outline for Our Open Archives Journey Evolving academic information space The catalysts for open access Subject based open archives Being supplemented by institutional open archives – options and opportunities with examples from Europe and the UK Opportunities for added value Librarians to the rescue? And Ill bring in some examples of key workshops which illustrate our theme

5. Building a global collaboratory The academic world is increasingly global and collaborative and needs the tools to support this …..center without walls, in which researchers can perform their research without regard to geographical location – interacting with colleagues, accessing instrumentation, sharing data and computational resource, and accessing information in digital libraries Kouzes et al (1996) Collaboratories – doing science on the internet Computer, 29(8), 40-46

6. How to get there Developing an infrastructure for data – the GRID –Other people will wish to use the same data so we need tools to preserve and access it Developing a the infrastructure for documents through hybrid libraries: –Traditional and digital –Commercial and open (free and interoperable) access –Bibliographic and full text

7. The end of the journey? Finally data and documents will be intertwined and easily accessible They will be an integral part of the academic work space just as the World Wide Web is today But the Web will acquire meaning and become the Semantic Web Open Archive metadata standards are a part of that journey

8. Many catalysts for open archives e.g. Open Archive Initiative (OAI) – 1 st meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico 3 years agoOpen Archive Initiative Now have an significant solution for open (interoperable) archives in OAI-PMH v 2 (Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) June 2002OAI-PMH v 2 Laid down rules which make search services for many distributed archives possible Your database needs to be OAI-compliant!

9. Budapest Open Access Initiative http://www.soros.org/openaccess Launched 14 th February by George Soross Open Society Institute Worldwide coordinated movement dedicated to freeing online access Even wealthier institutions afford a small and shrinking proportion of the 4 million articles a year

10. The BOAI Providing universities with the means through institutional self archiving Providing support for new alternative journals offering open online access Open societies need open access

11. To keep up to date Peter Suber keeps up to date with all these activities with the Free Online Scholarship Movement Read his FOS newsletter and now weblogweblog And his Timeline to appreciate the real momentum for self archiving!Timeline

12. Subject-based Archives Pioneering example is ArXiv set up by Paul Ginsparg in 1991ArXiv Based on a culture of High Energy Physics preprints - trad. Science journal so slow and expensive I helped produce the paper listing at CERN in the 70s for circulation around the world the old-fashioned way Now needs a librarians eye to improve the subject navigation, formats and interface as it is used also by non- techies Other archives now like CogPrints and RePEc - Working papers in Economics - but not a huge numberCogPrintsRePEc All 3 here started by enthusiasts

13. arXiv – server weekly usage Red - Number of connections in each week Blue - Number of hosts connecting that week (divide by 10 for correct number) Green - Number of new hosts that week (divide by 10)

14. eScholarship The California Digital Library (created 1997) started producing some discipline based archives: as they produce more they see that both subject and institutional archives will emerge and complement each other.California Digital Library They might, for example, have a branded research centre site and a central repository – TARDis will be exploring these ideas too They may contain a variety of e-Prints from preprints through conference papers through journal articles through teaching materials or even data (as planned by MIT)MIT

15. Institutional Archives Reawakening to value of greater access to an institutions research Essential increase in visibility of our intellectual output A preservation role (like our traditional archivists) –I have papers that my colleagues who collaborated with me cannot read or do not have a copy of because we do not subscribe to that journal (highlighted by the UK Research Assessment Exercise) –From our departmental database Google will find it if we have self archived it

16. 2 nd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative 2 nd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI): Gaining independence with e-print archives and OAI 17-19 th October in Geneva Where the web was born

17. A lively European meeting and oversubscribed Aim: To guide individuals and institutions interested in pursuing open access solutions to scholarly communication but also an update on progress… Presentations on the web and webcast and a bibliography http://documents.cern.ch/age?a02333 http://documents.cern.ch/age?a02333 One of the conclusions: Less emphasis needed now on underlying technology eg Open Archive Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) which provides the vital interoperability framework.OAI-PMH

18. Publishers making themselves OAI – compliant Institute of Physics: We are pleased to confirm that we have adopted this standard here at Institute of Physics Publishing and metadata records for our article abstracts are now available in Dublin Core. They can be harvested from our server on request. August 2002

19. Search engine adds OAI- compliant databases Scirus.com, the web search engine for scientific information launched by Elsevier Science in 2001, has now made 4 additional OAI sources available to its users.Scirus.com Next to arXiv.org, already available since the beginning of this year, Scirus now includes NASA (incl. NACA and LTRS), CogPrints, The Chemistry Preprint Server (CPS), and The Mathematics Preprint Server (MPS). The data were added by using the OAI-PMH protocol. Scirus now offers its users 107 million science specific pages, including over 17 million proprietary records that cannot be found using generic search engines September 2002

20. Open Archives Forum Open Archives Forum disseminates information about European activity An Aim: stimulating building of an open archives infrastructure in Europe Found country activity in: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and 20 countries were at Geneva workshop 2 nd Workshop – Open Access to Hidden Resources Lisbon Portugal 5-7 Dec 20022 nd Workshop – Open Access to Hidden Resources for Libraries and Archives to explore viability of open archive approach

22. Entering another phase Many enabling technologies, standards, and protocols to support institutional repositories already exist e.g. the OAI-PMH protocol to enable interoperability The World Wide Web is taken for granted as part of the infrastructure

23. Supporting Software Software such as EPrints from IAM group University of Southampton is freeEPrints Pioneered by Prof. Stevan Harnad to further the cause of self-archiving EPrints 2 developed by Chris Gutteridge Eprints mailing lists Eprints mailing lists indicate takeup is global and new users feedback into Eprints (e.g. language)

24. Were not alone The Case for Institutional Repositories: a SPARC position paper – prepared by Raym Crow July 2002The Case for Institutional Repositories: a SPARC position paper Supplemented by: SPARC Institutional Repository Checklist and Resources Guide October 2002SPARC Institutional Repository Checklist and Resources

25. Cultural and management issues come to the fore Libraries poised to play a pivotal role – learning how…….. Institutional Repositories: a Workshop on Creating an Infrastructure for Faculty- Library Partnerships October 18 th 2002 in Washington, DCInstitutional Repositories: a Workshop on Creating an Infrastructure for Faculty- Library Partnerships Involvement can bring a new closer bond between library and faculty

26. Example of UK planned activities to increase access to scholarly assets FAIR programme for a Focus on Access to Institutional ResourcesFAIR Inspired by the vision of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) that digital resources can be shared between organisations based on a simple mechanisim allowing metadata about these resources to be harvested into services To support the disclosure of institutional assets: To support access to and sharing of institutional content within Higher Education and Further Education and to allow intelligence to be gathered about the technical, organisational and cultural challenges of these processes…

27. FAIR programme £3 million on 14 projects starting August 2002 Clusters: –Museums and Images –E-Prints –E-theses –IPR –Institutional portals

28. UK Focus on Access to Institutional Resources – e-Prints TARDis: Targeting Academic Resources for Dissemination and dISclosureTARDis SHERPA: broader - Consortium of Research Libraries – filling archives and joint infrastructureSHERPA HaIRST: A testbed for ScotlandHaIRST ePrints-UK : also investigating subject structure using Dewey classification (with OCLC in USA)ePrints-UK

29. TARDis Providing exemplar institutional archive at Southampton – practising what we preach and building on the software and advocacy examples provided by Southampton people Combining self-archiving (including departmental archives) and an institutional archive (mediated by the library) Feeding back new demands of each into the EPrints software as librarians (not techies)

30. New opportunities for added value services Using search services e.g. Arc and OAIster, ScirusArcOAIsterScirus Could also have more specific subject ones Navigation using services such as CiteBaseCiteBase Finding references e.g. ParaCiteParaCite New services we havent thought of yet Incorporating search engines which find all that is available on both the visible and invisible web….

31. A place for new search engines The MALIBU prototype search engine incorporated a web search engine as well as databases chosen by librarians to fit different subject profilesMALIBU We now are seeing large scale search engines such as Scirus which search Elsevier and other commercial databases as well as the web (with FAST) The BBC searches its own databases for news and programmes and the web - suitably filtered (with Google)BBC We will need more of these that can bring us everything whether open archived or not and give us choices! Alternatively make your library OAI compliant e.g. CERN (1 st Oct 2002)!CERN

32. Some possible roles for Hybrid Libraries and Hybrarians Setting up open archives with the academics to support their scholarship and complement traditional library resources e.g. DSpace at MIT in the USDSpace Being an essential part of the process of adding metadata – search services have rejected databases with poor metadata And/or supporting self-archiving and providing added value services e.g. my publications can be automatically added from the departmental Electronics and Computer Science database to my homepage Teaching academics how to produce papers in electronic form and advising on formats and systems for preservation

33. and thank you from Southampton, England and good luck with your archives and services – dont be left behind! Jessie MN Hey jmnh@ecs.soton.ac.ukjmnh@ecs.soton.ac.uk http://tardis.eprints.org/