1. The Presidency (THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH)
Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry
Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy
Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 13
The Presidency (THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.

2. WELCOME TO THE WHITE HOUSE (1600 PENNSYLVANIA AVE.)
THE PRESIDENCY
WELCOME
TO THE
WHITE HOUSE
(1600 PENNSYLVANIA AVE.)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.

4. White House “Front” or North Side
The Leinster House Dublin, Ireland

6. “Chateau de Rastignac” In the Dordogne region of France
White House “Back” or South Side
“Chateau de Rastignac” In the Dordogne region of France

7. The Presidents Who They Are Formal Requirements:
Must be 35 years old
Must be a natural-born citizen
Must have resided in U.S. for 14 years
General Informal “Requirements”:
White (except one), Male, Protestant (except one)
All manner of professions, but mostly political ones (governors, senators, VPs)

8. The Basics of the Presidency
No chief executive under Articles of Confederation.
Natural-born citizen, 35 years old.
Two four-year terms, per 22nd Amendment.
Little attention to vice president.
Can be impeached by Congress.
Order of succession in Twenty-Fifth Amendment.

9. The Presidents Great Expectations
Americans want a president who is powerful and who can do good like Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt, and Kennedy.
Yet Americans do not like a concentration of power because they are individualistic and skeptical of authority.

11. The Presidents

12. The Presidents How They Got There
Elections: The Normal Road to the White House
Once elected, the president serves a term of four years.
In 1951, the 22nd Amendment limited the number of terms to two.
Most presidents have been elected to office.

13. TWO EXECUTIVE MODELS
1- PARLIMENTARY (PRIME MINISTER)
P.M. IS…
THE PARTY LEADER
ELECTED BY THE LEGISLATURE
SUPPORTED BY THE LEGISLATURE
SELECTS CABINET ON OWN

14. VOTERS ELECT LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES TO PARLIAMENT LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
MAJORITY PARTY APPOINTS
PRIME MINISTER
EXECUTIVE
BRANCH

15. 2- PRESIDENTIAL (PRESIDENT)
ELECTED SEPERATELY
BY THE PEOPLE
MUST GET LEGS. OK
OF CABINET
OFTEN LEADS TO…
A “DIVIDED GOVERNMENT”

16. VOTERS ELECT LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES TO CONGRESS & NATIONAL PRESIDENT
LEGISLATIVE
BRANCH
EXECUTIVE
BRANCH

18. PRESIDENTIAL SELECTION
CH 14 SUM
THE PRESIDENCY
PRESIDENTIAL SELECTION
(SEE MAGRUDERS PAGE 379)
PRIMARIES/CAUCUSES/ CONVENTIONS
NATIONAL CONVENTION
ELECTION DAY
ELECTORAL COLLEGE

19. THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE THE E.C. ELECTS THE PRESIDENT NOT “THE PEOPLE”
ELECTORAL COLLEGE IS BASED ON
THE NUMBER OF CONGRESSIONAL MEMBERS
Hof R
WHICH IS BASED ON STATE POPULATION
Senators
EVERY STATE GETS TWO (2)

20. 2008 Electoral College

24. The Presidents What If The President Dies or… Succession
The vice president succeeds if the president leaves office due to death, resignation, or removal.
Under the 25th Amendment, the vice president becomes acting president if the vice president and president’s cabinet determine that the president is disabled.

25. Table 8.2- Presidential Succession
Back

26. PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION
9 TIMES THE V-P
HAS REPLACED THE PRES.
8 – DEATH
1 - RESIGNATION

27. The Presidents

28. TAYLOR 1850
GARFIELD 1881
W.H. HARRISON 1841
LINCOLN 1865
JFK 1963
HARDING 1923
MCKINLEY 1901
FDR 1945
NIXON 1974

30. PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION
25TH AMENDMENT (1967)
(Formalized 1947 Presidential Succession Act)
V-P TAKES OVER
IF PRES. IS DISABLED

31. The Presidents How They Can Get Kicked Out Impeachment
Impeachment is an accusation, requiring a majority vote in the House.
Charges may be brought for “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.”
If impeached, the president is tried by the Senate with the Chief Justice presiding.
Only two presidents have been impeached—Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton—and neither was convicted.

32. ANDREW JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT - 1868

33. CLINTON’S IMPEACHMENT - 1999

34. CARTOON
ABOUT
WATERGATE
AND THE
ERASED
PORTION
OF THE
OVAL OFFICE
TAPES

35. NIXON ‘S RESIGNATION

36. EXECUTIVE BRANCH OUTLINED IN ARTICLE II OF THE CONSTITUTION
CH 15 SUM
THE PRESIDNT IN ACTION
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
OUTLINED IN ARTICLE II
OF THE CONSTITUTION

37. Constitutional Powers
More limited than Article I powers of Congress.
Appointments to executive, Cabinet, and judiciary.
Convene Congress.
Make treaties or executive agreements.
Veto legislation; NO line-item veto.
Act as commander in chief of armed forces.
Pardon individuals accused of crimes.

38. THE PRESIDNT IN ACTION EXECUTIVE POWERS ADMINISTRATIVE
CH 15 SUM
THE PRESIDNT IN ACTION
EXECUTIVE POWERS
ADMINISTRATIVE
APPOINTMENT / REMOVAL
DIPLOMATIC POWERS
RECOGNITION
TREATY

39. WARTIME INCREASES POWERS LEGISLATIVE POWERS RECOMMEND BILLS
CH 15 SUM
THE PRESIDNT IN ACTION
MILITARY POWERS
WAR POWERS ACT (1973)
WARTIME INCREASES POWERS
LEGISLATIVE POWERS
RECOMMEND BILLS
STATE OF THE UNION SPEECH
GUIDE BILLS
INFLUENCE BILLS
VETO (BIGGEST WEAPON)

40. REPRIEVE / PARDON / COMMUTATION / AMNESTY
CH 15 SUM
THE PRESIDNT IN ACTION
JUDICIAL POWERS
APPPOINT JUDGES
REPRIEVE / PARDON / COMMUTATION / AMNESTY
PRESIDENTIAL POWERS ARE… INCREASING
THEN NOW

41. out of date

42. Presidential Powers

44. Presidential Powers The Expansion of Power
Presidents may develop new roles for and expand power of the office.
Perspectives on Presidential Power
During the 1950’s and 1960’s people favored a powerful president.
By the 1970’s, presidential power was checked and distrusted by the public.

45. Presidential Establishment
Growing power of the vice president.
Cabinet advisors to deal with a variety of issues.
First ladies act as informal advisors.
Executive Office of the President.
White House staff directly responsible to president.

46. Running the Government: The Chief Executive
As Chief Executive, the president presides over the administration of government.
Constitution: “take care that the laws be faithfully executed”
2009, federal bureaucracy spends $2.5 trillion a year and numbers more than 4 million employees.
Presidents appoint 500 high-level positions and 2,500 lesser jobs.

47. Running the Government: The Chief Executive
The Vice President
Basically just “waits” for things to do
Power has grown over time, as recent presidents have given their VPs important jobs
The Cabinet
Presidential advisors, not in Constitution
Made up of 14 cabinet secretaries and one Attorney General, confirmed by the Senate

48. Running the Government: The Chief Executive

49. PRESIDENT OBAMA, V-P BIDEN, & CABINET

50. The Executive Office Made up of policymaking and advisory bodies
Three principle groups: NSC, CEA, OMB

51. Running the Government: The Chief Executive
The Executive Office
National Security Council (NSC)
Created in 1947 to coordinate the president’s foreign and military policy advisers
Members include the president, vice president, secretary of state and defense, and managed by the president’s national security adviser
Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)
A three-member body appointed by the president to advise on economic policy
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Performs both managerial and budgetary functions, including legislative review and budgetary assessments of proposals

52. Running the Government: The Chief Executive
The White House Staff
Chief aides and staff for the president—some are more for the White House than the president
Presidents rely on their information and effort but presidents set tone and style of White House
The First Lady
No official government position, but many get involved politically
Recent ones focus on a single issue, e.g., Hillary Clinton and health care

55. CHIEF EXECUTIVE/ADMINISTRATOR CHIEF DIPLOMAT COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
CH 14 SUM
THE PRESIDENCY
PRESIDENTIAL ROLES
CHIEF OF STATE
CHIEF EXECUTIVE/ADMINISTRATOR
CHIEF DIPLOMAT
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
CHIEF LEGISLATOR
CHIEF OF PARTY
FIRST CITIZEN

56. Roles of the President Chief law enforcer. Leader of the party.
Commander in chief.
Shaper of domestic policy.
Player in legislative process.
Chief of state.

57. Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers
Chief Legislator
Veto: The president can send a bill back to Congress with his reasons for rejecting it. It may be overridden with 2/3 support of both Houses.
Pocket Veto: A president can let a bill die by not signing it when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill.
Line Item Veto: ability to veto parts of a bill--some state governors have it, but not the president
Vetoes are most used to prevent legislation.

58. Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers

59. Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers
Party Leadership
The Bonds of Party
Being in the president’s party creates a psychological bond between legislators and presidents, increasing agreement.
Slippage in Party Support
Presidents cannot always count on party support, especially on controversial issues.
Leading the Party
Presidents can offer party candidates support and punishment by withholding favors.
Presidential coattails occur when voters cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president’s party because they support the president. Races are rarely won in this way.

60. Start here

61. Presidential Leadership
Leadership ability and personality can be key.
“Power to persuade.”
Bully pulpit and going public.
Approval ratings can help or hinder.

63. Obama

64. Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers
Public Support
Public Approval
A source of presidential leadership of Congress
Public approval gives the president leverage, not command; it does not guarantee success
Mandates
Perception that the voters strongly support the president’s character and policies
Mandates are infrequent, but presidents claim a mandate anyway

65. Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers
Legislative Skills
Bargaining: concessions for votes, occurs infrequently
Being strategic, presidents increase chances for success by exploiting “honeymoon” at beginning of term
Presidents may set priorities to influence Congress’ agenda; president is nation’s key agenda builder
Skills must compete with other factors that may affect Congress; they are not at the core of presidential leadership of Congress

66. The President and National Security Policy
Chief Diplomat
Negotiates treaties with other countries
Treaties must be ratified by 2/3 vote in the Senate
Use executive agreements to take care of routine matters with other countries
May negotiate for peace between other countries
Lead U.S. allies in defense and economic issues

67. The President and National Security Policy
Commander-in-Chief
Writers of the Constitution wanted civilian control of the military.
Presidents often make important military decisions.
Presidents command a standing military and nuclear arsenal—unthinkable 200 years ago

68. The President and National Security Policy
War Powers
Shared War Powers in Constitution
Congress has the power to declare war.
President, as Commander-in-Chief, can commit troops and equipment in conflicts
War Powers Resolution (1973)
Intended to limit the president’s use of the military
Requires president to consult with Congress prior to using military force and withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants and extension
Presidents see the Resolution as unconstitutional
Presidents continue to test the constitutional limits of using the military in foreign conflicts.

69. The President and National Security Policy
Crisis Manager
The role the president plays can help or hurt the presidential image.
With current technology, the president can act much faster than Congress to resolve a crisis.
Working with Congress
President has lead role in foreign affairs
Presidents still have to work with Congress for support and funding of foreign policies.

70. Power from the People: The Public Presidency
Going Public
Public support is perhaps the greatest source of influence a president has.
Presidential appearances are staged to get the public’s attention.
As head of state, presidents often perform many ceremonial functions, which usually result in favorable press coverage.

71. Power from the People: The Public Presidency
Presidential Approval
Receives much effort by the White House
Product of many factors: predispositions, “honeymoon,” rally events
Changes can highlight good or bad decisions

72. Presidential Approval Ratings
Back

74. Power from the People: The Public Presidency

80. Summary Americans expect a lot from presidents.
Presidents work as part of an organization.
Presidential leadership of Congress is central but difficult
Presidential roles and responsibilities, even national security, tied to Madisonian system of checks and balances

82. 5 best presidents
5 worse presidents

83. Table 8.6- Best and Worst Presidents
Back

84. Bottom 9 33-Coolidge 34-Tyler 35-W
Bottom 9 33-Coolidge 34-Tyler 35-W. Harrison 36-Fillmore 37-Pierce 38-Grant 39-A. Johnson 40-Buchanan 41-Harding
Top 9 1-Lincoln 2-FDR 3-Washington 4-Jefferson 5-T.Roosevelt 6-Wilson 7-Truman 8-Jackson 9-Eisenhower
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
Rating the Presidents

92. Table 8.8- Presidential Personalities
Back

93. Rankings by Liberals and Conservatives1
Lincoln 2
FD Roosevelt
Washington 3 4
Jefferson 5
T Roosevelt 6
Wilson
Jackson 7
Truman 30
Coolidge
Carter 31
Pierce
Nixon 32
Buchanan 33
Andrew Johnson 34
Grant 35 36
Harding
Rankings by Liberals and Conservatives
Source: Murray and Blessing p 135

94. Power from the People: The Public Presidency
Policy Support
Presidents attempt to gain public support through televised messages, with little success
The public may not be receptive to the president’s message or misperceive it all together.
Mobilizing the Public
The president may attempt to motivate the public to contact Congress.
A difficult task, given inattentive and apathetic public
May backfire: a lack of response speaks loudly

95. The President and the Press
Presidents and media are often adversaries due to different goals.
Media need stories; presidents want to convey their messages to the public
Many people in the White House deal with the media, but the press secretary is the main contact person.
Press conferences are best-known direct interaction of president and media
Media do not focus on substance of policies but on the “body watch.”
News coverage of presidents has become more negative.

96. Understanding the American Presidency
The Presidency and Democracy
Concerns over the president having too much power often tied to policy concerns
Others argue there are too many checks and balances on the president
The Presidency and the Scope of Government
Some presidents have increased the functions of government.

97. Summary Americans expect a lot from presidents.
Presidents work as part of an organization.
Presidential leadership of Congress is central but difficult
Presidential roles and responsibilities, even national security, tied to Madisonian system of checks and balances

98. AP CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY OBJECTIVES
1-WHAT ROLE DID THE FRAMERS ENVISION FOR THE PRESIDENT?
2-EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE POSITIONS OF PRESIDENT & PRIME MINISTER.
3-LIST AND DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS OFFICES THAT MAKE UP THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT.

99. AP CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY OBJECTIVES
4-REVIEW THE ROLE OF PRESIDENTIAL CHARACTER & THESE RELATE TO TO THE ACHIEVEMENTS IN OFFICE OF VARIOUS PRESIDENTS.
5-ENUMERATE & DISCUSS THE VARIOUS FACETS- OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER.

100. CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY IMPORTANT TERMS
AD HOC SYSTEM
ARTICLE I I
CABINET
CIRCULAR STRUCTURE
DIVIDED GOVERNMENT

101. CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY IMPORTANT TERMS
ELECTORAL COLLEGE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
OF THE PRESIDENT
EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE
IMPEACHMENT
IMPOUNDMENT OF FUNDS

102. AP CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY IMPORTANT TERMS
INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
LAME DUCK
LEGISLATIVE VETO
LINE-ITEM VETO
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT
AND BUDGET

103. AP CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY IMPORTANT TERMS
PERKS
POCKET VETO
PRIME MINISTER
PYRAMID STRUCTURE
25TH AMENDMENT
WHITE HOUSE OFFICE

104. AP CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY QUESTIONS
1-GIVEN THE RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS THAT CONFRONT PRESIDENTS AND PRIME MINISTERS, WHICH OFFICE WOULD YOU PREFER TO HOLD IF THEY WERE GIVEN A CHOICE?
2-HAS PRESIDENTIAL POWER INCREASED? WHY OR WHY NOT?

105. AP CH 13 - THE PRESIDENCY QUESTIONS
3-WHY HAS THE PRESIDENT’S STAFF GROWN?
4-WHAT DOES THE PEACEFUL AND ORDERLY TRANSFER OF POWER FROM ONE PRESIDENT TO THE NEXT HAVE TO DO WITH PRESIDENTIAL LEGITIMACY?